Cultural Culture And Its Impact On Our Multicultural World

The world we inhabit today is home to many different individuals representing several cultural and ethnic backgrounds that are all distinct from one another in some shape or form. In today’s modern world, there are struggles between preserving cultural practices and conforming to the notion of â€Å"progress†. Progress, at its core, implies subjectivity. The word is open to interpretation by whomever, both having positive and negative impacts on our multicultural world. The positives usually come in the form of better technologies, infrastructure, and medicines. These all promote a sense of easier living as they all ease the hardships each individual has to go through on a daily basis. However, the negatives that come along with progress are more complicated than its counterpart. Since our view of progress is skewed, we, as individuals living in a first-world country, typically view progress as something that makes living day to day easier. Yet, for the underdeveloped c ountries, the same scale cannot be used. A cell phone, for example, doesn’t have much use in the middle of the African Sahara. However, a cell phone used in the middle of New York City, New York may be of incredible use. The way we scope progress from our first-world perspective causes us to believe something that is different from what we consider the norm, is somehow beneath us. Popular consumer cultural and our mode of democracy causes us to believe that freedom and productivity are the only ways to achieve trueShow MoreRelatedEssay about Improving Education through Cultural Diversity1087 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, cultural diversity is important as it was many centuries ago. According to dictionary, cultural diversity is the coexistence of different culture, ethnic, race, gender in one specific unit. In order, for America to be successful, our world must be a multicultural world. 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They can better attractRead MoreHeightening Awareness On The Importance Of Using Multicultural Literature974 Words   |  4 PagesHEIGHTENING AWARENESS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF USING MULTICULTURAL LITERATURE Heightening Awareness about the Importance of Using Multicultural Literature In their paper, Heightening Awareness about the Importance of Using Multicultural Literature, the authors, Susan A. Colby and Anna F. Lyon, express the importance how teachers should create an awareness on the importance of multicultural literature in today’s classrooms, and how the role of literature of this type plays an important role in theRead MoreMulticulturalism Is Closely Associated With Identity Politics1123 Words   |  5 Pagescommunities that are cultural, religious or linguistically different. Welcomes the cultural diversity and its starting point that no group has to lose their culture and own identity. The dominant culture has a consciousness of superiority over the dominated culture, showing attitudes of rejection, discrimination, and derogatory. Terms for what culture dominated in some cases sample submission or resignation as well as other are developing aggressive defensive behavior. The dominant culture believed to possessRead MoreDiversity And Its Effect On Society942 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity in society helps us to grow as individuals and open our minds to different ways of life. When you are exposed to different ways of life and see how other cultures carry on then you are no longer closed to the idea that we are all different. Diversity also promotes tolerance. In terms of being tolerant that means diversity can help us accept other cultures, it can even adapt some cultural ways and values into our society. The point is, we are all different. Yet the diffe rences that we have

The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1496 Words

Everyone sins. This is a well-known and true fact. Whether it is lying to a peer or causing a car accident, everybody sins everyday. The early Puritans of the 16th century were strong believers in everyday sin and writers showed the Puritan way of life in their books, many of which are considered classics. Three characters in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter—Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Pearl—all represent a sin that is revealed through their actions or the actions of others. Hester Prynne’s sin of adultery is revealed to all at the beginning of the novel. Because her sin is revealed, she can peacefully live her life without the shame of unspoken sin. People still judge her harshly, but she can stand upright before them†¦show more content†¦She is cast out by the people in the town, yet continues to serve in the community as best she can. She is a righteous woman who willingly chose to commit adultery and is working to repent or s how her remorse by serving others. In a conversation between Chillingworth and Dimmesdale, they discuss the attitude of Hester. Chillingworth asks if Hester is less miserable by revealing her sin because she â€Å"hath none of that mystery of hidden sinfulness which [is deemed] so grievous to be borne† (123). Dimmesdale agrees â€Å"it must needs be better for the sufferer to be free to show his pain, as this poor woman Hester is, than to cover it up in his heart† (123). These men agree Hester is happier because she has revealed her sin and does not live with the anguish of a hidden transgression. She does, however, have to live with the people who have judged her harshly for her actions. â€Å"Every gesture, every word, and even the silence of those with whom she came in contact, implied, and often expressed, that she was banished† (77-78). Yet even in her banishment, Hester â€Å"bestowed all her superfluous means in charity† (77) and sews clothes for t he poor, who also resented her. Even though Hester has revealed her sin and feels like a better person herself, the people treat her badly now that they know her horrible sin and her future seems inauspicious. She also feels like a better person because she has

Accounting Theory Basic Sciences & Applied Research

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theoryfor Basic Sciences Applied Research. Answer: Introduction The research paper has critically reviewed and analysed the literature related to positive accounting after its development by Watts and Zimmerman in 1970s. The research paper has suggested some measures that can be undertaken for improving researches in the accounting settings. The research article revolves around the argument whether positive accounting theory is effective in attaining scientific objectives of accounting research. The argument has been analysed from various perspectives in the research article through the help of views and opinions of different authors. The research study attempts to explain the accounting method to be selected for carrying an accounting research for achieving its scientific objectives appropriately. The contribution of positive accounting theory in the field of accounting after its development has been analysed in detail in the report. The importance and deficiencies in positive accounting theory are identified and discussed in the overall researc h article. The main purpose of the research article is to propose some better theoretical models to be used in the field of accounting that can appropriately achieve its scientific objectives (Dunmore, 2009). In this context, the present essay aims to provide a critical analysis of the research article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. The critical analysis of the article is done through summarising its main points, identifying the research question, discussing its theoretical framework, analysing the significance and limitations of the article. Summary of the Article The overall findings generated through the research article has been summarised in this section. It has been analysed through the critical analysis of the research article that positive accounting theory is regarded as one of the most influential theory in the field of accounting research. It has proved to be largely beneficial by the management of complex business organisations in selection of appropriate accounting choices for carrying out their daily business operations. The theory of positive accounting developed by Watts and Zimmerman is contradictory to that of normative accounting theory. The accountants initially use the concept of normative accounting theory before the development of positive accounting theoretical model. Normative accounting theory was mainly developed on the basis of accounting principles and as such is mainly theoretical based (Dunmore, 2009). On the contrary, positive accounting theory is developed on the basis of scientific phenomena and thus was believed to be largely effective for achieving accounting research objectives. The field of accounting is more practical based and has less reliance on theoretical concepts. Thus, positive accounting theory after is development was used largely by the researchers in comparison to normative accounting theory. However, the various deficiencies identified in the positive accounting theory have questioned its reliability on attaining scientific objectives of accounting research (Rhonheimer, 2000). Thus, various criticisms received by the positive accounting research have become the main reason for researchers to adopt better theoretical models. The author in the research article has proposed the use of better and improved theoretical models in comparison to that of positive accounting research for accounting settings. Thus, ontology and epistemology of positive accounting has been a nalysed and examined in detail in the research article (Dunmore, 2009). Research Question The research question as identified from the analysis of the article is What is the contribution of positive accounting theory in the field of accounting research.? In the context of this main research question, the article has also aimed to provide answer to the following sub-research questions: What is meant by the concept of incorporating positive approach in accounting settings? What is the importance and deficiencies of positive accounting theory in accounting settings? Does there is need of adopting better theoretical approaches in the field of accounting for achieving its scientific objectives? The research questions are identified by analysing and examining the literature review of the research article. All the questions are based on the overall discussion held in the literature review section. The literature review analyses the concept of positive accounting research through examining its importance and deficiencies from the views and opinions of different authors. Thus, all these questions have merged from the theoretical framework of the overall literature review of the research article (Dunmore, 2009). Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of the research article is based on the approach of positive accounting used by the researchers for carrying accounting researches. It has been analysed from the views and opinions of different authors discussed in the theoretical framework section that positive accounting theory is not so effective in accounting settings. Watts and Zimmerman have proposed that positive accounting theory is based on scientific phenomena and as such is largely useful for testing accounting predictions. However, there has been various criticism received against the theory as to be more rhetorical than practical based (Dunmore, 2009). The researchers have claimed that positive accounting theory is not so effective in testing practical accounting predictions. The author in the overall literature review section has emphasised that positive accounting theory needs modifications in order to be successful in imitating natural science (Porta and Keating, 2008). The various authors in the theoretical framework of the resrch article have regarded the contribution of the theory in accounting to be negligible and thus it has not attained a legitimate place in accounting. The theory of positive accounting is limited only to study accounting practices but its practical implementation has not been successful (Chatfield and Vangermeersch, 2014). As depicted from the theoretical framework of the research article, positive accounting theory is based on value judgement and thus cannot be stated to be based on scientific based. The theory of positive accounting provides value judgment to the managers for selecting appropriate accounting method for maximising business performance. Thus, it is regarded as more of theoretical based and less practical oriented (Deegan, 2014). The reliability of positive accounting research is also questioned on the basis of appropriateness of natural sciences for studying the concept of social phenomena. Some authors regarded this as appropriate while some are against this argument (Ghnabari et al., 2016). In this context, Popper has stated that all scientific theories have evolved over a period of time through accumulation of either qualitative or quantitative data. The methodology of development of a scientific theory a proposed by popper can be divided into four steps. The first step involves obs erving carefully and developing preliminary ideas. The next step is to develop a theory on the basis of the empirical evidences. The theory developed should be developed on predictions that can be tested and as such should be quantitative predictions. This is followed by testing the predictions of the new theory developed with those of previous theories for accepting or rejecting the particular theory developed. Thus, Popper has claimed that this form the basis of accepting or rejecting a particular theory. Large number of theories is disapproved on the process and only small number of theories proves to be effective in meeting all these requirements (Dunmore, 2009). This clearly states that positive accounting theory needs to be tested on all the above parameters before its acceptance in accounting settings. This approach used by Popper is regarded as falsification criterion on the basis of which theories are regarded a true or false. Popper has regarded positive accounting theory to be not scientifically based as it is not based on quantitative testable predictions. The theoretical framework has also suggested analytical modelling for making a successful positive research program. This involves collection and testing of data before developing a theoretical model (Dunmore, 2009). Positive accounting theory is used by management for selecting an accounting method to be used for maximising a firm performance. As such, it is largely essential that it should be more practical based in comparison to having a rhetorical approach. This can be done by measuring and testing accounting predictions before selecting an accounting method. Thus, positive acco unting theory need to be improved so that it involves testing accounting predictions and provides an appropriate selection of accounting method for the management (Bazrafshan and Talebina, 2016). Significance and Limitations of the Article The research article is highly significant as it helped in developing the deficiencies in positive accounting approach that needs to be improved. It has provided an in-depth understanding about the concept of positive approach in accounting and the need of better theoretical models to be used in accounting. The research article will prove to be largely useful for the future researchers to examine and evaluate the appropriateness of positive accounting theory to be used in accounting settings. It will form a base for the future researchers to find empirical evidences against positive accounting theory and thus selection of more appropriate theoretical model to be used in accounting research. However, there are several limitations of the research article as analysed during its critical analysis. The major limitation of the research article is that its literature is limited and does not provide detailed understanding about the various aspects of positive accounting research (Dunmore, 20 09). The theoretical framework of the research article is wide but is not synchronised in a proper way. It does not give a proper understanding of the main problems in the concept of positive approach in accounting to the readers. Thus, the literature review section of the research article lacks a detailed analysis that would have been useful for the readers to understand the research topic in a proper way. Also, the research study is mainly subjective in nature and does not have any objectivity. This is due to collection and analysis of only secondary data in the research study through the help of literary sources. There is no practical evidence that presents the accounting problems encountered through the use of positive accounting approach (Dunmore, 2009). The research study is s mainly qualitative and does not undertake any type of quantitative analysis for carrying out the research study. The quantitative analysis can be done through collecting primary data for providing practical evidence in relation to the research topic. This will enhance the credibility and reliability of the research study in the mind of future researchers. However, the research work is mainly based on the views and opinions of other authors and thus lacks reliance. This limits the usefulness of the present research work for future researches that will be conducted in this context. The presence of practical evidence for supporting theoretical findings is necessary for maintaining the credibility of the research work. Thus, it will prove to be a major limitation of the research article impacting its significance for the future researches (Dunmore, 2009). Conclusion The author through the research article has proposed the adoption of a combination of various accounting methods for the purpose of accounting research. This is mainly due to several deficiencies in the theory of positive accounting as discussed in the overall research article. The weaknesses of positive accounting theory need to be improved so that it proves to be effective in accounting research for achieving its objectives. The outcomes achieved through positive accounting theory implementation should be more scientifically based as recommended by the author in the research article. The overall critical analyses of the research article have helped in developing an understanding of the concept of positive accounting approach. The contribution and limitations of the theory are analysed for developing an understanding of the positive accounting theory. The critical analysis will help in understanding the difference between scientific and societal theory. This will help in selection o f the most appropriate theory as per the situation given. Also, the critical analysis has also helped in gaining knowledge of various theoretical models that are used in accounting settings. The detailed understanding of positive accounting theory will prove to be largely beneficial in understanding various concepts in accounting field. References Bazrafshan, M. and Talebina, G. 2016. Challenges Positive Accounting Theory. International Journal of Basic Sciences Applied Research 5 (2), pp. 119-122. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R. 2014. The History of Accounting (RLE Accounting): An International Encylopedia. Routledge. Deegan, C. 2014. Financial Accounting Theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dunmore, P.V. 2009. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Ghnabari, M. et al. 2016. PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) and Natural Science. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 10(2), pp. 177-182. Porta, D.D. and Keating, M. 2008. Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective. Cambridge University Press. Rhonheimer, M. 2000. Natural Law and Practical Reason: A Thomist View of Moral Autonomy. Fordham Univ Press.

Report on 3d Bio Printer free essay sample

A 3D Bio-Printer is a device, in which, a Human Organ is scanned, and a 3D dimension of a brand new organ is created and printed using the person’s own cell or stem cells as â€Å"ink. † With just a small amount of cell used from the patient’s body. 1 The 3D bio-printers include a software interface that allows engineers to build a model of the tissue construct before the printer commences the physical constructions of the organs cell-by-cell using the automated, laser-calibrated print heads. The printer is the result of collaboration between Australian engineering firm Invetech, and Organovo, a regenerative medicine company based in San Diego, California. Organovo selected Invetech in May 2009 as its technology development partner and asked the company to design and develop a highly integrated, extremely reliable and simple to use 3D bio-printer system, which could then be transferred to manufacture and commercial sale. Now, just eight months later, Invetech has delivered the first production model 3D bio-printer to Organovo. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on 3d Bio Printer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Invetech plan to ship a number of 3D bio-printers to Organovo during 2010 and 2011 and Organovo will be placing the printers globally with research institutions investigating human tissue repair and organ replacement. 2 Organovo CEO, Keith Murphy, says the bio-printer represents a breakthrough because they provide for the first time a flexible technology platform for organizations working on many different types of tissue construction and organ replacement. 3 The advantage of using a bioprinter is that it eliminates the need for a scaffold, so Dr Atala, too, is experimenting with inkjet technology. Scientists and researchers will have the power to create organs to use as well, simply for testing medical products. Researchers don’t need to use the animals anymore! So, it won’t be long when the time comes that all you have to do is make a phone call or a simple trip to the doctor’s office when you need new organs. The thought of being able to grow organs gives me goosebumps. However, if this technology is controlled and used properly, as I’ve said, the possibilities are endless.

Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay Essay Example

Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay Essay 1.0 Introduction This subdivision of the study introduces the subject of treatment on which the study is based. It so concentrates on FDI in UAE which is the aim of the study. 1.1 What is Foreign Direct Investment? Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) is the investing of foreign assets into the domestic economic system ( About.com ) . It is an investing of financess to get down operations in another state. FDI can be of several types ; amalgamation, acquisitions, entirely and partly owned investing, perpendicular and horizontal integrating. Theoretically, any company will happen three motivations for doing FDI in a state ; market seeking, resource or plus seeking and efficiency seeking motivations. In context of UAE, market seeking and efficiency seeking motivation can be the possible grounds it has attracted immense FDI influx. Making FDI gives the foreign companies an entree to the GCC market and AIDSs competion with cardinal challengers in the market ( market seeking motivation ) . Since the client base of UAE is broad, it locates the companies closer to clients ( efficiency seeking motivation ) ( Rugman et al, 2005 ) . 1.2 Foreign Direct Investment in UAE We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer UAE has been ranked as the 11th planetary FDI finish on the A.T. Kearney Confidence Index of 2010 harmonizing to a study by AMEinfo ( AMEinfo, 2010 ) . Another study confirms that this rank is for 3 old ages period and UAE has been ranked top in the Middle East ( Department of Economic Development, 2010 ) . The net FDI in UAE was $ 4002.7 million in 2009 reported by UNCTAD. In 2006, it was ranked amongst the top 6 states in the Western Asia with regard to FDI inflows into the state as shown in the graph below. Beginning: ( UNCTAD, 2007 ) It was besides the 5th largest in footings of FDI outflow which was reported to be between $ 2000-3000 million in 2006 ( UNCTAD, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to the World Investment Report by the same organisation, UAE has been categorized on performance/potential matrix as a high forepart smuggler performing artist with a high FDI potency in the hereafter. 2.0 INDICATORS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FDI IN UAE In this subdivision of the study, growing of the FDI in UAE for the past few old ages will be looked at. Additionally, the way and the grounds of this growing will be studied briefly. 2.1 Growth and FDI cyberspace flow way UAE has experienced a immense growing in addition in FDI inward investing over a period of clip. However one must retrieve that there are non merely FDI inflows that need to be taken into history but besides the FDI outflows to calculate the Net FDI figure. Therefore the tabular array below shows net FDI flows into the UAE economic system from 1990 to 2009. A negative figure represents net FDI escape Beginning: ( UNCTADStat, 2009 ) [ Data in the tabular array has been used for doing graph ] As can be read from the line graph, that the net influx of GDP has been stable from 1990 to 1998 onwards after which there are 2 periods in which net FDI escape has been reported From 2000 onwards, there is once more a rise in the FDI influxs until 2007, nevertheless the largest addition experience between 2002 to 2005. 2008 and 2009 has been a decline period. A study declares that UAE has moved from 90th place worldwide in 1993-1995 to 15th place in footings of pulling FDI in 2003-2005 ( MENAFN.com, 2007 ) . This analysis has besides been presented in saloon chart below stand foring the per centum increase/ ( lessening ) in Net FDI influx for 5 old ages interval from 1990 to 2009 onwards. The 2009 diminution in FDI investings can possibly be attributed to the planetary economic recession which caused a crisp diminution in FDI s all over the universe. 2.2 Reasons for growing: It is indispensable to place what has been the cause of growing in FDI in UAE since 2000. The chances for profitableness in UAE are really high due to no limitations on trade. Second, UAE if a celebrated vacation topographic point and a tourer finish, pulling big figure of visitants on season like Eid, Diwali, Dubai Shopping Festival, Christmas, GITEX, Film Festival etc. This provides multinationals and other companies with entree to a wider client base from different states. There is a high net income potency in existent estate sector in UAE ( UKEssays.com, 2007 ) . Of all the Emirates, Dubai has been really successful in pulling foreign investings and is the FDI finish of pick of many investors both within and outside the Middle East ( Al Bawaba, 2010 ) . This is because Dubai and in general other Emirates are perceived as a liberalized hot spot unlike the other GCC states. It is the Centre of planetary concern with a globalized environment. About 80 % of the population in Dubai is exiles who are paid high compared to rest of the universe and the salary offered to them is revenue enhancement free go forthing them with higher disposable income and hence inducements to remain back in the UAE. About all Fortune 500 companies are situated in the free zones of UAE which reflects the importance of UAE to the transnational corporations ( Fredder, n.d ) . Harmonizing to an article, Shaikh Lubna said that the entire value of FDI s made via UAE free zone has touched US $ 73 billion. She besides believes that free zones in the UAE play a critical function in advancing international trade and re-exporting activities which has made UAE top commercial Centre and gives investors market and efficiency motivations therefore beef uping the chances of UAE ( BI-ME, 2010 ) . Furthermore, the well composed substructure of UAE contributes towards attractive force of investing which companies see as an of import factor when sing a state for doing investing in foreign states. The cyb erspace and IT package solutions industry has doubled the rate of Europe which points out the gait of the growing ( UKEssays.com, 2007 ) . A study points out that a lector at Dubai School of Government said that the key to pulling more FDI in the hereafter will be effectual communicating and transparence in the fiscal sector as both these factors have been damaging to the economic system but now hold cardinal importance in supplying liquidness, therefore assurance and hence pulling FDI ( AMEinfo, 2010 ) . Other grounds fall under the regulative policies that encourage investing in the state and will be discussed in the following subdivision of the study. 2.3 Sectors of the economic system in which FDI is made Not much has been disclosed about which sectors of the economic system have received FDI. However, a study by Trade Arabia informed that of the entire FDI undertakings secured by the UAE, 95 % have been in the fabrication sector. After the economic recession, fabricating sectors in states like USA and Europe has been hit difficult although investings have been made in the UAE to pull investings in this sector once more to derive investor s assurance ( TradeArabia News Service, 2010 ) ( Kawach, 2010 ) . It is besides reported that FDI in the Gulf states is taking topographic point at intra regional degree particularly in the service sector taking signifier of cross boundary line amalgamations and acquisitions ( MENAFN.com, 2007 ) . On the footing of cognition of the state, existent estate sector has been the primary ground pulling FDI. Furthermore, important receiver industries include telecommunication and touristry excessively ( MENAFN.com, 2007 ) . Based on the small informations available on the part by sectors, fabrication followed by services and building sectors are the 1s that have been able to pull maximal FDI into the state because the GDP growing part by these factors have been the upper limit ( Dayan, 2010 ) ( AMEinfo, 2010 ) . 3.0 ASSESSING THE FDI ENVIRONMENT In order to measure the FDI Environment in UAE, the authorities policies and the economic environment in general will be studied followed by a treatment on the hereafter FDI chances supported by facts and figures from the secondary resources. 3.1 Regulative environment: UAE economic system as we all are cognizant has a free trade policy. It has a business-friendly authorities particularly Dubai and Abu Dhabi and policies allow full repatriation of the net income without bear downing corporate revenue enhancement to the proprietors or income earners for the state. Furthermore, buying of freehold belongingss which provide freedom to foreign investors to lease out the belongingss has besides attracted inward investings into the state ( Fredder, n.d ) . Presently, UAE intends to implement more moderate investing Torahs which are expected to help recoveries in the existent estate sector of the economic system following the slack experienced in 2009 due to recession. The new corporate jurisprudence is expected to be with respects to ownership limitations which will spur investing and offer stableness to the economic system ( Kawach, 2010 ) . Increased liberalisation with regard to denationalization and ownership limitations is being considered in several Emirates. In order to drive FDI, Government of Dubai has late signed an understanding with AT Kearney which will help the Dubai Foreign Investment Office ( FIO ) in inventing policies and the strategic policies to force the growing and assist Dubai keep its image as FDI hub. All facets of FDI will be considered in this respect ( BI-ME, 2009 ) . Therefore, the overall regulative model and authorities policies support investing and supply inducement to pull companies. The development of free zones has besides contributed to the aim. Each Emirate of the state employs its ain policy in coaction with the section developed by each province for looking into foreign investing affairs. 3.2 What is likely to go on in the hereafter? With JAFZA and other economic free trade zones of the state being committed to pull investing, likeliness of addition in Net FDI inward investings in the hereafter is high. Barclays Wealth in AMEInfo reported that the influx of FDI into the UAE is likely to be $ 108bn which is twice the figure in 2007. One must maintain in head that this analysis is based of semi functionary informations since UAE does nt unwrap FDI figures officially ( AMEinfo, 2008 ) . Besides, ranking by A.T. Kearney as 11th best planetary FDI finish along with steps by provinces to spur investing or retrieve from the downswing indicates that the FDI investing into the UAE economic system is likely to increase over at least a three twelvemonth period for which the ranking has been done nevertheless the growing can non be measured. 4.0 FOREIGN COMPANY INVESTING IN UAE This subdivision of the study will analyze a Pakistani company Hemani puting in UAE. It will research several facets of concern alterations that Hemani faced since its investing here. The benefits and costs and other issues faced by the company have been identified via treatment with Mr Ali, who is the partial proprietor of the company. All of the above have been briefly discussed below. 4.1 Introduction: Hemani Trading has been runing in Pakistan since 1949 in natural, agricultural and wellness merchandises. Its cardinal merchandises are herbal tea, green tea, herbal oils and herbal cosmetics. The company decided to do an investing in UAE, Dubai in 1995. 4.2 Reason for taking UAE for investing: Owner s pick of state for investing was UAE because it is a free trade country with a batch of international range. It is a planetary hub for trading connecting Gulf, Africa, Europe, Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia etc. 4.3 UAE as pick of foreign state aided company s growing The company gained immense portion in the markets of North Africa, Middle East, South East Asia and Europe.Currently the company has appointed agents in over 18 states that includes, Singapore, Malaysia, France, Belgium, USA, Canada, Morocco, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Libya, Algeria, Bahrain, Yemen, Oman, Saudi Arabia, etc and has established their ain distribution system for UAE ( providing to major retail mercantile establishments ) . Company has seen a changeless addition of 15-20 % of one-year turnover since their constitution in Dubai. 4.4 Change in authorities policies since gap of the company in UAE This subdivision is quoted as mentioned by Mr Ali. Initially the trading was really easy and bucked up people to work in this part. Over the last few old ages the regulations and ordinances have been tough for little constitutions to run. The state of affairs is really much like Singapore where ab initio it was same as Dubai and people would wing at that place to purchase trade goods of different beginnings. As the clip goes by, the policies in Dubai will merely prefer the multi subjects and do it hard for little concerns to run. The addition cost of operating, like rent, responsibility, other usage charges, labour etc have made it cheaper for clients to purchase goods straight from the beginning ( e.g. China, Pakistan, India etc ) . 4.4 Evaluation: Advantages and Disadvantage faced 4.5.1 Advantages of being here in UAE International market good within range and easy motion of goods with in the Gulf are the major advantages of operating in UAE. Safe and unafraid operations, trade of goods from all around the universe and international experience of selling and gross revenues gained by the company are advantages it got exposed to. 4.5.2 Disadvantages Constitution in UAE meant that company had to give clip and resources here, therefore the place state operations suffered despite holding growing potency. Later on the constitution of mill meant a immense duty on the Pakistan office. Constantly the senior direction has to go back every month to guarantee smooth running of the mill. Besides, remaining in UAE since 1995 has given proprietors no large advantage of remaining as occupants. Developed states of Europe and West offer the citizenship benefits if such investing has been made and if such long period has been spent in their states conveying them concern. 4.5.3 Overall rating Markets of Europe, America, and Africa would non hold been reached good if the company had stayed in Pakistan. It is a topographic point where non many of international clients come to buy goods. Even though the local market of Pakistan is immense with a batch of possible, front client base had to be sacrificed to make international markets. Overall constitution in UAE helped the company grow and make new highs. Although the recent policies of labour, in-migration, usage, port are doing trade hard but since company has entered monopolized point ( manufactured merchandises ) , Mr Ali feels that they would be small affected by the Torahs and hopes that the growing of company continues. 5.0 Decision The environment for FDI in UAE is positive and has been pulling financess in the state from all over the universe. FDI has been a major cause of the GDP growing and creative activity of its image as a globalized economic system. The state gives entree to states to the trading universe therefore broadening their client base economically due to absence of trade barriers in the state. Creation of free trade zones is the major attractive force to corporate investors and multinationals from all over the universe. Most FDI have taken signifier of forward perpendicular or horizontal integrating. However, over a period of clip, although the policies have been modified to liberalise the trading environment and attractive force of FDI, the authorities has failed to take notice of the increasing costs of operations bared by the companies. Therefore, endurance of little sized concerns in the state can be put to inquiry in the hereafter. Nevertheless, in general the economic environment of the st ate seems to be in favor of investors and the potency of UAE as FDI drawing card is strong and that the state will go on to harvest benefits from FDI s in signifier of increased employment, competition, and high profile life styles enjoyed by its occupants.

Quiénes pueden brindar asesoría migratoria en USA

Quià ©nes pueden brindar asesorà ­a migratoria en USA Para todos los migrantes en Estados Unidos hay una necesidad evidente de contar con buena  asesorà ­a migratoria. Pero una cosa es informacià ³n en general, como la que se brinda en esta pgina y otra muy distinta asesorà ­a para el caso concreto de cada uno.  ¿Quià ©n puede brindarla? Y es que hay que tener claro que un mal consejo legal puede ocasionar muchos problemas  de cabeza. Incluso algunos que luego no se pueden solucionar. Es por esta razà ³n que es muy conveniente contar con la asesorà ­a de una persona honesta, trabajadora y que sepa de quà © habla. Es fundamental entender la diferencia entre quià ©nes son los abogados, los representantes acreditados, los consultores y los notarios y saber quà © puede legalmente hacer cada uno de ellos en asuntos migratorios. Abogados migratorios para asesorar en asuntos migratorios Los abogados obviamente pueden dar consejo legal y tambià ©n representar los inmigrantes en las Cortes de Inmigracià ³n.   El paso natural cuando se necesita consejo legal es contratar a un letrado. Para  elegir abogado  es fundamental contar con referencias positivas de clientes actuales o antiguos. Sin embargo, son relativamente frecuentes los casos de malaprctica y negligencia. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que los servicios de los  abogados en Estados Unidos puede resultar  muy caros. No siendo raro que cobren hasta $400 por hora y que carguen a mayores por servicios como fotocopias o llamadas telefà ³nicas, con lo que la factura final puede ser considerable. Muchas veces se puede ahorrar hablando previamente con el abogado y presentando todos los documentos ordenados y traducidos. Asà ­ se evitarn gastos en los que puede incurrir el despacho de abogados por tener que buscar ellos mismos documentos o de traducirlos al inglà ©s. Por à ºltimo, en el caso de encontrarse con un abogado cuya actuacià ³n ha podido no ser profesional se puede presentar una queja ante la  American Immigration Lawyers Association. En el caso de estar fuera de los Estados Unidos, es importante buscar abogados que de verdad entiendan las leyes migratorias de ese paà ­s y desconfiar de aquellos que aseguran conocer a alguien en el consulado que arregla papeles a cambio de dinero. Eso no es asà ­. En los Estados Unidos, tambià ©n es posible buscar opciones ms asequibles de asistencia legal como es el caso de los representantes acreditados, conocidos en inglà ©s como  accredited representatives. Quines son los representantes acreditados para asuntos migratorios Son las personas que estn autorizadas para actuar en nombre del inmigrante ante del Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y sus diversas instituciones, como el  USCIS o la CBP. Esto es lo que se conoce como representacià ³n parcial. Pero adems, pueden estar autorizadas para representar a su cliente ante las cortes de inmigracià ³n. El Board of Immigration Appeals es el à ºnico organismo autorizado a conceder estas  acreditaciones  y lo hace a personas que: Sean postuladas para tal posicià ³n por una organizacià ³n reconocida.Posean buen carcter moral.Y tengan conocimientos y experiencia sobre las leyes y los procedimientos migratorios y de naturalizacià ³n para la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a americana. El Board concede la acreditacià ³n por un periodo de  tres aà ±os renovables. Por lo que para confirmar que todo est bien con la persona que se desea elegir para que actà ºe como representante se puede checar su estatus con el Programa de Reconocimiento de Acreditaciones llamando al (703) 305 9029. Otras personas autorizadas para asesorar legalmente Adems, estn autorizados para esas labores las organizaciones reconocidas como tales y los proveedores de asistencia legal gratuita. Asimismo, pueden representar a los inmigrantes otros representantes cualificados como estudiantes o licenciados en Derecho que todavà ­a no han aprobado el examen de ingreso al Bar pero que trabajan bajo la supervisià ³n de un abogado. Tambià ©n pueden hacerlo los oficiales del gobierno, como por ejemplo los agentes consulares y las personas como sacerdotes, vecinos, familiares del inmigrante y que sean de buen carcter moral y que no cobren ni directa ni indirectamente por estos servicios. Sin embargo, los que no estn autorizados a ejercer esa representacià ³n son los notarios o los consultores de inmigracià ³n. Que NO pueden hacer los consultores de inmigracin y los notarios Ni los consultores ni los notarios pueden, entre otras cosas: Representar a los inmigrantes ante el USCIS o ante una corte federal de inmigracià ³n.Brindar asistencia legal sobre a quà © beneficios migratorios se puede aplicar.Aconsejar sobre quà © decir en una entrevista con las autoridades migratorias.Ni tampoco pueden cobrar cantidades altas por sus servicios. Por lo tanto, si crees que has sido và ­ctima de un fraude migratorio, asà ­ se reporta. Qu servicios pueden prestar los consultores y los notarios Dependiendo de sus conocimientos, los consultores pueden ayudar a los inmigrantes rellenar los formularios del USCIS como por ejemplo los de peticià ³n de un familiar, permiso de trabajo, etc. Tambià ©n pueden  traducir los documentos que deben presentarse junto con las formas. Fraude y representacin por s mismo Es importante evitar fraudes y, si se es và ­ctima de uno, consultar cà ³mo es posible denunciar el caso.   Por à ºltimo, saber que en los casos ante corte migratoria el gobierno no est obligado a proporcionar abogado en los casos en los que el migrante no puede pagarla. Es posible la auto representacià ³n, pero las estadà ­sticas demuestran que los casos con ms à ©xito cuentan con la presencia de un abogado. De inters: informacin para legalizacin El fin de muchos migrantes es obtener papeles. Para ello es importante conocer cules  son  7 situaciones migratorias que se puede tener en Estados Unidos  y tambià ©n cules son en la actualidad los caminos limitados que los indocumentados tienen para regularizar su situacià ³n. Si se cree que se puede tener una opcià ³n, asesorarse con un abogado o un representante acreditado. Este artà ­culo no es consejo legal para ningà ºn caso particular. Tiene carcter meramente informativo.

Deal Gases Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deal Gases - Coursework Example There are different gas laws that exist and are summarized by the equation of state (Meyer, 2011). These gas laws include Boyle’s law, Charles law, Gay – Lussac’s law and other gas law. The Boyle’s law was derived, finalized and published in 1662. The law states that when gas is at constant temperature, the product obtained from the volume, and the pressure of a certain mass of gas that is confined in a closed system is always a constant. The pressure gauge can be used to verify this statement together with a variable container capacity. The law can also be derived from the kinetic theory of ideal gases. For instance, if a gas container has a fixed number of molecules in it and its volume is reduced more molecules will collide per unit time per given area. This aspect results in a higher pressure in the container (Wang, 2013). 2. Select the light species of the box on the right-hand corner. You can notice that the pump turns red. At that time, the pump is given a press. Again, wait for the values to stabilize and observe the results. When the pump is pressed it some while to come to the stable state. When the pump gives a substantial push the volume of the gas reduced. For this experiment volume in an independent variable, since it does depend on the other parameter to change. The pressure is the dependent variable as it depends on the volume change for it to vary. The graph was plotted for the values of the pressure, and the volume showed that the pressure of the gas varies inversely proportionally to the volume of the gas. The relationship between the pressure and the volume of gas under constant temperature is summarized by the Boyles Law. This law states the under constant conditions of temperature, gas will have its pressure vary inversely proportional to the volume. Charles’ Law is also referred to as the law of

Coca-Cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Coca-Cola - Essay Example Despite the popularity of the world brand, Coca-Cola has also faced much criticism Coca-Colarent groups, mostly concerning health effects issues, environmental problems and numerous business practices. Thus, in 2014 a brominated vegetable oil was found in Cocal Cola fruit and sports drinks, particularly in Fanta and Powerade. The Mayo clinic researchers reported that excessive use of BVO can impact negatively on the health, causing memory loss and skin and nerve problems. However, the company management stated that the level of BVO used in its drinks did not exceed the limits and was not harmful to the consumers. Along with it, public pressure and online petition to remove the BVO from the company’s drink was growing. Another issue that the company faced with concerned a new program that Coca Cola aimed bring to certain parks in UK as free fitness classes. It was challenged by the health campaigners. The controversy with the new plans to give twenty millions anti- obesity fitn ess drive obtained certain criticism, because the campaigners accused the Coca Cola in the indecent attempt to distract people from the fact that Coca Cola was fuelling UK with obesity problems.The report by Public Health England claimed that soft drinks and fruit juices produced by the Coca Cola provided the biggest amount of sugar for its consumers and some cardiologists stated that the company was trying to distract attention from its part in creating the obesity situation in the country.

Extended Time Out in Operation Rooms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Extended Time Out in Operation Rooms - Essay Example However, despite those ongoing protocols, the effectiveness of those safety strategies is still unknown. Wrong site surgery can cause extremely bad outcomes, which may range from performing surgery on the wrong side of the body and delayed the necessary treatments to amputating the wrong leg then the patient is suffering both physically and psychologically. In order to improve better outcomes and prevent those preventable surgical mistakes, an extended surgical timeout (STO), also called second time out was implanted into the health care system. This dissertation discusses the effectiveness of the extended STO out based on evidence from research and case studies, and it also explores the interventions used to reduce risks of wrong site surgery. This dissertation also analyzes patient who is allergic to epinephrine and how extended surgical time out improved their quality of care. The article, â€Å"The extended surgical time-out: does it improve quality and prevent wrong-site surgery?† focuses on pediatric surgery and review the results of the implementation of an extended surgical time out. The members of Harbor-UCLA Medical Centre implemented extended surgical time out beginning January 2006. The protocol included confirming a patient’s ID, anesthetic, and technical details, medications administered and the available ones and the need for special equipment and blood products (Lee, 2010). The impacts of implementing surgical timeout were then studied before induction of anesthesia and surveys of both before and after implementing the pre-induction STO were recorded. The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences in elapsed time to incision for both urgent and elective operations and after implementing pre-induction surgical timeout (Lee, 2010).

Relationship Between Face Preference and Own Characteristics

Relationship Between Face Preference and Own Characteristics Joseph Jordan Studies in Psychology In the article, Mate Choice, Mate Preference, and Biological Market: the Relationship between Partner Choice and Health Preference is modulated by Women’s Own Attractiveness, the authors question the correlation between partner preference, and partner choice. The authors address that there are many studies where the subjects analyze which person or face they deem is attractive, but what they wanted to know is if their choices in partners matched that of what they would prefer. They began to ask this question after realizing that there was not a lot of studies on this subject and on those few studies that there are the conclusions were mixed and contradictory. Through those few studies the authors were able to hypothesize that there are some discrepancies between partner preference and partner choice, and that the more of a high-market person you are the more likely your preference will match you actual partner choice. For this hypothesis, they would test whether the relationship between participant’s face preference and mate choice is modulated by their own market value, as opposed to high-market valued individuals can usually get their preferred partner. The participants that they used in this study was fifty one heterosexual couples with ages ranging from 18-35. They then constructed the stimuli, or the pictures that the subjects would be looking at to judge which faces were healthier than the other. They did this by collecting images of 50 white males and 50 white females. In these photos, their faces were the main focus, so their hair was unobstructed and their clothing and body from the neck down was photo-shoped out of the image. They then had 100 heterosexual men, and 100 heterosexual women rate the 50 images of the men’s appearance on a scale of 1-7 (1 being much unhealthier than average, and 7 being much healthier than average. They then got a completely different 100 hetero sexual men and 100 heterosexual women to rate the 50 women pictures on the same scale. The experimenters then took the top 15 rated healthy men pictures, and the bottom 15 rated least healthy pictures. With that information they constructed a prototype face with completely neutral features. They then at random selected 10 pictures of the men out of the original 50, and they did the same with the women. From this they constructed faces that would be seen as the healthiest, and photos that would be seen as the least healthy. Then the 51 couples of the main experiment were asked to rate those photos on the same scale of 1-7. The 51 couples were also asked to have their photo taken under the same consistencies of the photos used previously in the experiment. The experimenters then acquired 40 more participants, who have not participated in the experiment previously, to rate the photos of the men and women from the 51 couples on the same 1-7 scale. With this information, the experimenter s compared what the couples preferred as a partner and what they actually chose as a partner, based off of how the 40 volunteers rated the faces of the couples. After comparing this data they came up with their results, and their conclusion. This was their conclusion from the study, â€Å"The results of the current study suggest that the extent to which mate preferences predict actual partner choice can depend, in part, on own market value, at least among women. More fundamentally, our data demonstrate the utility of considering biological market theories not only for our understanding of mate preferences or mate choice, but also for our understanding of the relationship between preference and choice.† In more lamens terms, the more attractive you are, or the more â€Å"high-market† of a person you are, and the more likely you are to choose a partner who actually matches your actual preference. This is much more prevalent in women, and can be explained due to the fact that the market for partners is limited, and it is mutual; the partner that you actually choose has to be mutually attracted to you who might not be the same as person as you would prefer. In another article, Are Smiles a Sign of Happiness? Spontaneous expressions of Judo winners, the authors were searching for whether smiling was an effect on emotion, or sociality. They wanted to find out if smiling was really due to pure joy, or was it just an act that people do in a social environment to try and tell people that they are happy. To dig out this answer, the experimenters/ authors had to first ask, when do people smile? Through earlier research on this topic the experimenters were able to conclude that there were two types of smiles: FEP smiles or Duchenne smiles were smiles that were due to pure emotional happiness, while BET smiles were more complicated, and could be due to emotion or due to social interaction. With BET smiles a person could fake a FEP smile or even hide one due to the sociality of the situation. They also took into account other older experiments, especially an experiment where they studied when Olympic medalists smiled. They found that when the Oly mpian was on stage or receiving the medal, they smiled 70% of the time, while when they were behind the stage or away from people they only smiled 7% of the time. With these past experiments in their mind the experimenters wanted to take a further look into this using a new and improved method to get a more definitive answer to the cause of smiles. For their experiment the testers would observe the facial expressions of Judo fighters at the 2010 National Spanish Judo Championship. Their test field consisted of 55 judo fighters who one their fights and whose faces were closely monitored by video tape. On top of the fighters being videotaped they were also asked to fill out a likert scale (0 being none at all, while 7 being very much). They would then try and correlate the exact frame of their peak happiness and observe their facial expression. They did the same procedure with international fighters, and they then counted the amount of Ducheene or FEP smiles from the winners. After tallying up all of the smiles they came up with their results and their conclusion. They found accounted for 33 smiles coming from the medal winners of the judo tournament, but they also found that 31 out of 33 of those smiles came while the fighters were engaged in some sort of social interaction. They also found that the fighter was much more likely to display a smiling face the more numerous and the more enthusiastic a crowd was. Through these results they concluded that happiness does not necessarily predict smiles. When comparing the fighter’s likert scale, when the fighters were actually the happiest, they were not smiling at all, rather they had their heads down with their mouths slightly agape. Smiles are mostly just a communicative response to tell people that we are happy, as opposed to a pure reaction of happiness. What the experimenters came to decide was that their tests were in much support of BET smiles, saying that smiles are determined more by the sociality of the situation. People will sometimes hide their smiles, or they will create smiles based off of what feels appropriate for that social situation. In another article, Hormonal and Morphological of Women’s Body Attractiveness, the experimenters are trying to figure out if a women’s attractiveness of her body correlates to her ability to reproduce. There are certain things that men are attracted to like a low hip to waist ratio, with larger sized breasts. This has been proposed to promote a healthy women, due to healthy fat deposits that help along baby brain develop while it is in the womb. There have also been contradictory findings from third world countries where men are more attracted to heavier set women. This suggests that a low hip to wait ratio may not be an evolutionary attractiveness, rather a molding of what men see as attractive through manipulation of western media. The experimenters wanted to get a more definitive answer to this question, so they were to measure chemical hormonal levels that promoted fertility and compared it to their apparent attractiveness. With a volunteer group of 33 women they had them self-collect saliva samples for an about a period of 1-2 menstrual cycles. All of these women were also photographed from head to toe in neutral clothing and in a neutral environment. The women were as well required to come in for four sessions during their menstrual cycles to do a number of various tests. Anthropometric samples were taken from the women, and their body mass index and their breast size were also measured. Their hip to weight ratios were measured from the photos that were taken from them, to keep from the discrepancies that could arise from the experimenter’s assistance performing the tests. Those photos were then taken an observed by 58 UCSB students, 31 of which were men, and 27 of them were female. The students were asked to give a rating of attractiveness on a scale of 1-7, 1 being the lowest and 7 being the highest. The raters were then asked to rate them using the same scale on a basis of long term attracti veness and short term attractiveness. The results had high agreeability, so the students seemed to agree on the level of the women’s attractiveness. The experimenters’ then cross examined the hormone levels, the breast size, and their hip to weight ratio with their rated attractiveness. With this comparison they were able to come up with reliable data, giving them the ability to come up with a conclusion. When comparing the hormone levels of women and their breast size, hip to weight ratio, and their Body Mass Index they found that there was no correlation between them. This goes against presumptions that were made by other people before this beginning of this experiment. A closer look at those results and they realized that the Body Mass Index had a huge impact on a women’s attractiveness. So in order to test for breast size, and hip to weight ratio, they then neutralized all of the women’s BMIs. After neutralizing the BMI the experimenters found that there was a strong correlation with women’s attractiveness and their hormone fertility levels. Since people viewed women with a high BMI so unattractive it masked the true results of the test. Once they neutralized the BMI’s they were able to come up with this conclusion: hormonal levels of estradiol and testosterone could confidently predict the apparent attractiveness of the women.

Breach of Contract

A type of contract, a legally binding agreement between two parties to do a certain thing, in which one side has all the bargaining power and uses it to write the contract primarily to his or her advantage[1]. Breach of Contract Common Breaches of Contract When any contract is made an agreement is formed between parties to carry out a service and payment for that service. If one of the parties fails to carry out their side of the agreement then the party can be said to be in breach of contract.Breach of contract can also occur if work carried out is defective or if one party makes the other aware that they will not be carrying out the agreed work. Breaches of contract can also include non payment for a service or not paying on time, failure to deliver services or goods, and being late with services without a reasonable excuse. Terms and conditions are a fundamental part of a legally binding contract and any broken terms can lead to breach of contract. Types of Breach of Contract The main types of breach of contract will be minor, material, fundamental, and anticipatory.Minor breaches can be, for example, a builder who substitutes his own type of materials for specified materials. The substituted materials may work just as well as the specified but it can still be seen as a minor breach of contract. Related on Contracts And Agreements†¦ †¢ Do You Have to Know About a Breach to Be Liable? †¢ Mediation and Arbitration †¢ Remedies for Breach of Contract †¢ Breach of Contract Against Employer : A Case Study †¢ Contracts and Risk †¢ Jurisdiction in Contracts [pic][pic]A material breach can be a breach that has serious consequences on the outcome of the contract.A fundamental breach would be one so serious that the contract has to be terminated. An anticipatory breach is one where one of the parties makes it known that they will not be carrying out agreed work, and the consequences can be termination of the contract and damages being sought in court. Damages for Breach of Contract Damages can be awarded to an innocent party if a law court upholds that a contract has been breached. Damages will be used to compensate the innocent party for their loss due to the breach. These damages are usually a remuneration that will reflect the loss.For example, if an employer dismissed an employee unfairly then the employee could claim damages for loss of earnings under breach of contract. Damages can be awarded even if there has been no actual loss, the innocent party will then usually be awarded nominal damages. Proof of Breach If a dispute does occur due to breach of contract then the judge will need to decide that a legally binding contract does exist and that it has been breached. In some cases the contract may only be a verbal contract and there may be no actual written evidence that a contract was formed.In such cases a judge will need to go over the terms and conditions of the contract and clarify what actually took p lace in practice. Entitlement to damages may be awarded if the innocent party can prove that a breach of contract took place. The innocent party must prove that there was a loss due to the breach and that the nature of the loss would lead to compensation. Remoteness of loss will also be taken into consideration by the courts and may include future loss that could reasonably occur from the contract being broken. Other Damages due to Breach of ContractOther losses can include loss of profits, the cost of rectifying the breach and wasted expenditure. If disputes do end up in the law courts then the amount awarded may come down to how much documented proof the claimant has regarding financial loss. This can include actual records and document proof of financial loss due to the breach. However, if there is little proof, damages can still be awarded, this will be down to the judge ascertaining all of the facts of the case and not relying solely on documented proof. Breaching a contract ca n be a serious offence and is a very common reason for lawsuits.Anyone considering court action due to breach of contract should seek expert legal advice before proceeding. Court disputes are a lengthy and costly procedure and the legal costs should be weighed up against the likely damages awarded. A detailed view of the law of contracts shows that the main reason for this law is to enforce promises and agreements that have been made. If a broken contract is taken to the law courts then there will be certain criteria that a judge will look at before deciding whether or not the contract can be enforced. The Elements of a ContractFor any contract to be considered legally binding the elements of offer and acceptance must exist. The origin of a contract or agreement will begin with the offer. With the unconditional acceptance of the offer the contract will then be formed. But there are other contract elements that are required by the law, and if these are not present the courts may deci de there is no contract. The Offer and Acceptance With an offer there must be a willingness from the accepting party to enter into the contract. In order to make the contract complete there must also be specific terms and conditions set out and accepted.Once all terms and conditions have been offered and accepted, and no further negotiations intended then the contract can said to be complete or full. Consideration Another important element in the law of contracts is consideration. A contract may not be deemed to be enforceable by law if there was no consideration included. This means that there must be mutual consideration on either side; one person promises to provide a service and the other pays in return. Related on Contracts And Agreements†¦ †¢ New Law on Proving Consumer Contracts †¢ Legally Binding Contracts †¢ Employment Contracts Explained †¢ Common Law Marriage Contacts Remedies for Breach of Contract †¢ Contracts and Risk [pic][pic]Intention T he fourth element in a contract is intention. When parties make an agreement with no intention of the agreement becoming legally binding then it will not be judged to be a contract under the eyes of the law. In some cases, such as commercial contracts, there is an assumption that the contract is intended to be legally binding. If one of the parties does want to bring the matter to court and argue that there was never any intention of a binding contract then they will need to have some form of clear written evidence. The Terms and ConditionsIf a contract dispute is brought to the law courts then great emphasis will be placed on the terms and conditions of the contract. A contract cannot be said to be complete if the terms and conditions are not fully laid out. These conditions must not be vague or ambiguous. A contract will not usually be seen as legally binding if the terms and conditions are unclear. However, every court case is different, and a judge may at times try to clarify th e terms and conditions of the disputed contract. Type of Contract In most cases it makes sense to take the precaution of formalising all agreements with a written contract.But a contract may be upheld even if it is made verbally. There are certain circumstances where contracts must be made in writing, such as the sale of property or tenancy agreements. If no written contract or statement does exist, and the contract dispute has reached the courts, then the judge may look at how services, promises, and exchanges were carried out in practice in order to make a decision. Contract Discharge A contract can come to end in one of four ways; breach, performance, agreement and frustration. Discharge by performance means that all the obligations of the contract have been accomplished by both parties.Agreement of discharge can mean that both parties agree to end the contract or one party releases the other party from the agreement. Frustration means that events have occurred that made the comp letion of the contract impossible and the obligations of the contract could not be met. Breaching a Contract A breach of contract can occur if one party does not fulfil one or more of the specified terms and conditions. It can also occur if the work carried out is defective or if one party makes the other aware that they will not be carrying out the agreed work.The law can then be brought to judge on this contract dispute and can award the innocent part damages. The law of contracts can be a complicated matter, and serious consideration should be given along with expert legal advice if the court process is to be considered. Financial damages may only be awarded if the innocent party can prove financial loss. Court costs and solicitors fees should be weighed up against the likelihood of any damages awarded before proceeding with court cases. ———————– [1] http://legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/Standard+form+contract

Moral absolutism Essay

When we speak of â€Å"Morality† we think of the difference between right and wrong, the difference between the good and the evil. We use morality to justify our actions and decisions. More often than not, people impose their morality on others and expect them to act in the way they find fit. They believe that the idea of right and wrong is universal. In her essay â€Å"On Morality†, Didion contradicts this theory and believes that everyone can have different ideas of morality based on their own perception. To make her point, Didion uses the examples of Klaus Fuchs and Alfred Rosenberg. Fuchs was a British traitor who leaked nuclear secrets to the Soviets, and Rosenberg was the Nazi administrator of Eastern Europe, where the Germans committed their most heinous and most murderous acts during World War II. Both of them claimed that what they did were morally appropriate. She then goes on to say that Jesus justifies what he did based on morality. The juxtaposition of these ideas affirms Didion’s theory that the conviction of morality is vastly based on perspective. This juxtaposition also helps prove that people use morality to justify almost anything. Osama Bin Laden believed that it was morally right to take the lives of millions of innocent civilians in the name of religion. President Snow, along with the Capitol, in The Hunger Games saw it fit to throw 24 teenagers in a battlefield and let them fight until only one remains. Morality does not seem like a tool to distinguish right from wrong, but a method to have a clean conscious, irrespective of whether one’s acts are good or bad. Didion also says, â€Å"For better or for worse, we are what we learned as children. † (158) This shows that the ideas we have of good and bad and the so-called â€Å"morality† is part of what we’ve learnt growing up. A lot of people might find it pointless to stay with a corpse on a highway. But to Didion, it is the moral thing to do. We do not leave behind our dead. Friedrich Nietzsche said, â€Å"Fear is the mother of morality. † Didion maintains that morality might differ from person to person. In my opinion, a lot of factors influence the decisions we make and then blame them on morality. â€Å"The right thing† is too abstract to be universal. Didion debates about the cannibalism acts and talks about the vestigial taboo that no one should eat their own blood kin. This might seem appalling to some while being a being of another’s culture. Didion says that morality has â€Å"the most potentially mendacious meaning. † (159) And I couldn’t agree more. There is a very thin line between right and wrong, and morality is what shows one where to draw it. But the basis of that line is so ambiguous, that people end up using morality to cover up their actions. The idea Didion presents is that humans are not equipped to distinguish between the good and the bad. We think that all actions are sound as long as they don’t hurt another person. But then we see people like Adolf Hitler. The man murdered millions of people. Yet, he had a bunch of supporters who helped him with these inhumane acts. But he did what he did in the name of morality, in the name of ‘respect for the greater race. ’ The central idea of this essay is that morality depends largely on perception. What one finds wrong may not necessarily be seen as inappropriate by another. â€Å"I followed my own conscience. † â€Å"I did what I thought was right. † Didion questions the reader how many madmen have said this and meant it? Didion doesn’t believe that these men shelter themselves under the illusion of morality but actually believe their actions are moral and justified. Maybe we ourselves have said it before and been wrong. Our conscience isn’t always the best judge of things. But the concept of morality makes it okay to just be impulsive and do what we think is correct in the moment. The relevance of our logic lacks frequency. One might not kill people on a daily basis but one might find it moral to do it someday and go ahead with it. Does this make them immoral? Is the act of killing immoral? What if the victim is a killer? The answers to questions relating to morality are not black or white. There could be various different instances where individuals might have different stands on issues. All of which they might believe to be morally correct. So the question is, who decides what is moral and what is not? What gives them the power to do so? Should the morality of one person be forced on another? Clearly, universal standards of right and wrong do not exist. The evidence Didion provided as well as instances we see around the world proves that fact. A lot of people do not agree with Didion’s idea of differing morality. The people who adhere themselves to a supposedly universal moral code can delude themselves into thinking people who do not follow that code are less humane. People need to stop fretting over moral absolutes and let morality run their life and effect every decision they make in order to ensure the future is safe from oppression and terrorism.

Nursing Theoretical Foundations of Practice essays

Nursing Theoretical Foundations of Practice essays Sleep deprivation among patients in ICU is a prominent problem in health care today. This could lead to further physiological and psychological problems such as delirium, in extreme cases. The cause of this is the stress associated with the critical conditions necessitating admission to the intensive care unit (Roberts, 2000). A further problem associated with this is that health care workers at times misdiagnose and misperceive the condition as less dangerous than is in fact the case. It is therefore clear that the problem of sleep deprivation needs to be analyzed for its nature and its causes. There is a lack of such analysis, mainly as a result of advanced technology taking priority over the functionality of the patients themselves (Johnson 2000). The human element is thus neglected in favor of treating the illness as an isolated problem (Roberts, 2000). Nursing models such as those created by Neuman, Roy and Johnson can be useful in bringing back the concept of the whole person to ICU patients experience sleep disruptions on average about every 20 minutes during a 24-hour day (Johnson, 2000). These disruptions come in the form of observations to ensure the physical stability of the patient. Another factor is the isolation from the natural day-night cycle as a result of ICUs constructed without any windows. If lights are always on at a consistent intensity, this furthermore disrupts the sleeping pattern and aggravates the inability of patients to reach the deepest stage of sleep. These factors lead to severe sleep deprivation, which may complicate to Stress-related sleep deprivation in the ICU can affect memory, concept formation, reasoning and executive function (Johnson, 2000). The fear already present as a result of the need for intensive care results in sleep deprivation, which aggravates disorientation, agitation, and possibly delirium. In order to...

Vietnam5 essays

Vietnam5 essays Vietnam is one of the most famous wars that America has taken place in. It is also considered by some to be the most controversial. Many say that America did not belong in the fight and that it was a waste of money, man-power, and time. Others say that it was important to show that the U.S. will not stand by and let a country or territory be taken in the wrong way. Vietnam lasted from 1959 to 1975. It involved the North Vietnamese and the National Liberation Front or NLF. It also included the U.S. and the South Vietnamese forces. From about 1946 to 1945 the Vietnamese had struggled for independence from the French during the first Indochina War. When the war ended the country was split into two creating North and South Vietnam. North Vietnam soon came under the control of Vietnamese Communists who really hated France and were looking to unite Vietnam under Communist rule. South Vietnam was controlled by Vietnamese leaders who favored the French. The reason that the U.S. entered the Vietnam War was fear of the Domino Effect. The Domino Effect is the term used to explain that if one country falls under Communist rule than soon after the countries in that area will soon fall also. If Vietnam became a Communist state than it was likely that more could fall also. This is also why the U.S. supported South Vietnam. The U.S. didnt send troops in until 1965. They were sent in to keep the South Vietnamese government from collapsing but in the long run they eventually failed. When Ngo Dinh Diem came into power he used very repressive measures. These measures led to growing organized opposition within South Vietnam. Another problem was that Diems government represented a small minority of Vietnamese who were mostly businessmen, Roman Catholics, large landowners, and others who were pro-French. At first the United States helped South Vietnam military advisors and financial assistance. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution...

HRM Book Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HRM Book Summery - Essay Example logy-driven, fast changing business world where every corporation must compete for skilled talent, be able to influence its employees to provide the best products, be able to train and provide educational programs and be able to control and monitor personnel costs to maintain cost competitiveness Job analysis methods produce acceptable to high levels of reliability. Particularly high levels of liability can be demonstrated for methods that rely on structured questionnaires such as worker-oriented questionnaires, job inventories, or checklists Competence is a standardized requirement for an individual to properly perform a specific job. It encompasses a combination of knowledge, skills and behavior utilized to improve performance. More generally, competence is the state or quality of being adequately or well qualified, having the ability to perform a specific role. When it comes to executive incentives, human beings are both finite and creative; that means that the people offering incentives are often unable to predict all of the ways that people will respond to

Chinese Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Chinese Culture - Term Paper Example Anthropological studies provide information, which explain cultural diversity that people experience across the world. Historical facts project various dimensions in human culture. Historians use cultural dimensions such as language, social structure, religion, beliefs, and relation to the environment among other dimensions to acknowledge diversity in humanity. Each geographical location in the world has people who are distinguished using their cultural identity. Chinese culture provides historical information about the Chinese people, their beliefs, and their attitude towards other people, social economic practices, and education among other factors. This paper is analysis of Chinese culture in relation to socio economic practices, language, education, belief, government, environment, topology, and historical facts about their cultural heritage. Language Historians believe that language is one aspect of culture, which distinguishes various communities from each other. Historians bel ieve that Chinese language has varieties, which have some close relation. The language family of Chinese is Sino-Tebetan (Pletcher, 68). Each group of Chinese language has its own dialect or sub-dialect. These dialects are less or more mutually intelligible. Chinese population, which stands at about 1.2 billion, speaks one these dialects. In China, Chinese is formal language, which they use in both public and domestic places. Sign communication and media communication in China uses Chinese language. It is arguable visitors coming China need to learn Chinese or use interpreters to help them in their communication. Clothes Chinese culture ranks clothing among other primary necessities in life. China a renowned history of garment making in which Chinese exchanged their garments in trade. Chinese garments in the ancient time had ornate details, refined artisanship, and bright colors. Clothes in Chinese culture changed with different dynasties. However, 20 century has observable changes in garments. Some styles portrayed on Chinese garment include Cheongsam, Qipao, western suits, silk stocking, hat, high heels, jackets, bell-bottom, bikinis, miniskirt, and bell-bottom among other fashion trends in the 20 century (Chen 111). Analysts believe that China decided to respond positively to the fashion trends in 1978 by embracing some western practices (Choi 89). During the ancient age, Chinese people devoted, various clothing to people according to the color of the skin. For instance, ordinary people wore costume and long hat when offering sacrifices to ancestors or gods. Another notable aspect of Chinese clothing culture is that ethnic minority wore clothing, which was colorful, flowery, and highly distinctive. Chinese people associate red color to good fortune. Red color characterizes wedding clothes for the Chinese people. It is notable that Chinese in the north wear qipao, and southern Chinese wear Kwa for their weddings. Dominance hierarchy Gender dominance is relev ant in Chinese culture. Men gender dominated over women in the Chinese culture. The culture views a woman a subordinate who is subject to his father during the youthful stages, to her husband upon reaching maturity, and to her son at old age (Palmer 44). Dominance by the male gender in the Chinese culture influences the activities of women. Women should not roam freely as men. Largely, their duty is to stay inside the house performing house chores. Cultural responsibility for women gave them the authority to govern their homes, whereas men guarded the outer world. In ancient time, women never had dominant role in the family. Historic information about hierarchy in ancient time in China indicates that social stigmatization characterized life of the Chinese people (Chen 138). For instance, women

Leader and organizational behavior Research Paper

Leader and organizational behavior - Research Paper Example I maintain that I am the ideal candidate for this job because I am sufficiently educated and possess the adequate qualities that would help me greatly in filling this position. A typical Vice President of Operations of a company as large and progressive as yours would be entitled to be a committed worker. I understand that the duties include creating and upholding the vision and overall direction of the company, and supervising and evaluating the work of other top position-holders, such as department directors, operations managers. Moreover, a Vice President would play a crucial role in the approval and laying out of the day-to-day operations of the company, aiding and assisting subordinates should the need arise while identifying potential areas of improvement. In addition, at times, a Vice President could be required to coordinate with the directors of different departments. Lastly, a Vice President would, of course, be required to analyze a company’s overall performance by reviewing financial statements, customer feedback and sales and activity reports. In general, a good Vice President of Operations would have to be sharp and in control of the operations at hand while maintaining a cohesive work environment to maximize productivity and eliminate internal conflicts. If I were to be awarded this position, I would be fully committed to being hard working and dedicated to the company and, in particular, to my job. In my experience, I have learnt that I work best in demanding conditions by being organized from the get-go and assigning myself goals and aims from the beginning of the project (Smith, 1992). I have found that goal setting helps me greatly because it allows me a sense of focus as opposed to being distracted by unnecessary objectives that should not be given precedence. Simply put, lacking a goal could disperse my attention over all the possible, yet needless, objectives in a certain circumstance. Moreover, because it has been found that the mo re challenging the goal, the greater the motivation to achieve it, I believe my work quality would improve dramatically as I would be more inclined and persistent to work harder. Furthermore, setting goals would help me in using my time more productively by allocating it to the pressing tasks at hand (Wilson, 2008). In addition, I would be using my resources most efficiently (with the least waste) to productively aid the company. I believe setting goals helps in personal growth, all the while motivating you to work harder and more diligently to strive for what you set out to achieve. Setting targets for myself would show me clearly the vision I aim to uphold and would push me harder and harder until I successfully achieve it. For someone in a position as demanding as that of Vice President, some direction is necessary. I feel that setting goals such as being prompt with my work, or being thorough in my reports would better motivate me into becoming a good Vice President for the comp any and would give me a sense of confidence once these goals are realized. In the past, I have worked for various companies and have had to deal with demanding circumstances such as rushed deadlines, miscommunications in the chain-of-command, and conflicting behavior of coworkers and lack of

Long Term Illness Essay Example for Free

Long Term Illness Essay In this assignment a focus on an individual with the long term illness/ condition of a stroke will be undertaken, examining the impact of the condition/illness from the perspective of the individual and their family and also the impact of person centred care upon nursing practice. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) Code of Professional Conduct Guidance has been maintained throughout this essay and therefore, all names have been altered for the purpose of confidentiality and anonymity. Currently there are around 1. 2 million stroke survivors in the UK, which is every year an estimated 152,000 people. More than half have been left with disabilities that affect their daily life. Stroke can affect anyone, no matter what their age. Around a third of all strokes happen to people under the age of 65, and around 400 children (0-18) have a stroke each year. Furthermore stroke is the largest cause of complex disability in adults. (Stroke Association 2012). A stroke is caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain, usually because a blood vessel bursts or is blocked by a clot. This cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients, causing damage to the brain tissue (WHO 2012). Mary is a 75 year old white British lady who suffered from a Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) approximately five years ago. She is a divorced lady who lives alone in a two storey house, however she has three children and numerous grandchildren who live within walking distance and whom visit on a daily basis. Mary was admitted to hospital as she had sustained a fall, fortunately nothing was broken, but she had suffered with severe bruising to her face and left side of her body resulting in loss of confidence. Mary currently takes medication for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia which her G.P monitors quite closely. On assessment it was identified that Mary has been finding it hard to accept her diagnosis, she was hoping that she would return to the same quality of life that she had before the stroke as she had never been poorly or took medication prior to this happening. CHSS (2012) state that denial initially protects you from being overwhelmed by the changes in your life. Some people may become stuck in denial. The author has chosen this condition/illness as her grandmother suffered from a stroke 10 years ago and fights everyday with her disability, because of this experience the author decided to join the nursing profession and possibly work on a stroke unit or neurology department. This assignment will help to support, educate and contribute to patients ability to care for themselves after being diagnosed with any long term illness and will be part of life long learning, the Royal College of Nursing explain that nurses are committed to lifelong learning and continuous professional development (RCN 2012). Clinical reasons for choosing this condition/illness are that on this placement the author was allocated with the stoma nurses which gave her the opportunity to work on the wards of her choice on the final two weeks of the placement, she chose the stroke unit which also allowed her to complete many achievements and outcomes for example proficiency 2.4 was met which involved working with patients and families in order to use their strengths to achieve their goals and aspirations. As a nurse it is vital that patient centred care is met in todays NHS and the care management of patients with a long term condition meaning putting the patient and their experience foremost, through communication, discussion of treatment options, potential outcomes and possible psychological effects also empowering the patient and allowing them to make choices about their healthcare (Nursing Standard 2011). As Mary was admitted with a fall investigatory questions needed to be asked to find out whether trips and falls are a common occurrence within Mary’s life and whether any member of the multi disciplinary team has implemented any changes to prevent these from happening. Through engaging in a therapeutic relationship allowing us to gain mutual respect and collaboration to develop with Mary she informed us that she has had many trips in her own home and only this one major fall outside, along with her worries and concerns which were listened to attentively. Nicol, J (2011) explain that as a nurse managing risk and promoting health and wellbeing whilst aiming to empower choices to promote self-care must be a priority therefore certain referrals need to be put in place. Firstly a referral to the physiotherapist was made within the hospital in order to improve posture and balance and make sure it is safe for Mary to return home to her own surroundings, as this was not managed post stroke admission and it is within the nurses role to make sure the patient and family are comfortable with there discharge. It is known for stroke suffers to have problems such as weakness, clumsiness or paralysis usually to one side of the body or loss of balance (Stroke Association 2008) which is why Mary has not received any further treatment from a physiotherapist after her stroke five years ago as treatment is stopped when it is no longer producing any marked improvement to your condition (NHS Choices 2012). Although from this admission it is recommend from the physiotherapist that a cane will be useful to Mary in order for her to gain more strength and move about more freely when walking outside within her limitation. A lot of time and advice was given to Mary and her family through discussion, education and effective communication, in order to help her in the decision making process and allowing Mary to realise that regaining independence requires patience (National Stroke Association 2011). Furthermore from a staff nurse’s experience in the past a referral to the Falls clinic was also put in place which was deemed successful from previous stroke survivors who have been left with similar disabilities to Mary and found this useful in the rehabilitation pathway. The Falls Clinic, (2011) aims to reduce your risk of falling and falls-related injuries and review your progress every two months for the first year. From this it enables Mary to be followed up in others ways apart from the GP ensuring that nothing significant is being missed in her care. Good engagement and collaboration allows the patient to gain full confidence and allows the nurse to develop a therapeutic nurse patient relationship providing care in a manner that enables the patient to be an equal partner in achieving wellness, which Mary had never felt before. However the family stepped forward at this point and informed the nursing team that they felt that Mary is starting to struggle around her usual housing environment and made it clear that they had no knowledge of any movement aids or assistive device until this hospital visit and talking to other families with the same problems. A referral to the Occupational Therapist was then put in place to assess and treat the physical condition using specific, purposeful activity to prevent disability and promote independent function in all aspects of daily life (NHS Careers 2012). From this referral it was decided that assistive grab bars, shower seats, supportive hand rails were put in place for easier movement around her home and further safety. This helped put her family at ease as she lives alone and copes by herself. Many stroke survivors continue to improve over a longer time in many different ways. Their recovery is in fact a long period of rehabilitation, as they learn to deal with the effects the stroke has had on them, however the psychological impact of living with a long term condition are very popular such as 30% of patients will suffer from depression at some point post-stroke (British Psychological Society 2010) and a significant proportion these remain undiagnosed or inadequately treated ( Hackett ,Yapa, Parag Anderson 2005). Therefore as a nurse it is vital all the common problems after a stroke are investigated in depth. Upon Mary’s admission these psychological issues were assessed, Mary revealed that she had a feeling of hopelessness as she was unable to look after her younger grandchildren, worrying all the time and unable to sleep furthermore she felt like a burden to her family as they now had to do her housework and her weekly shop. Feelings of loss of energy were also described and a feeling of being isolated from her friends .As this attitude from a nurses perspective is not seen as a positive one the signs and symptoms of depression after stroke were researched. Stroke Association (2012) suggest that it is vital to seek help if four or more symptoms are present which include feeling worthless, avoiding people, feeling anxious or feeling blue and patients with long term conditions being more likely to develop depression, A Two Question Screening Tool was used which also determined that depression was a strong possibility NICE (2009) recommend a two question screen tool to determine who may have depression. These questions link to the key symptoms required for a diagnosis to be made and with both questions answered yes it meant things can be put in place to manage this. However this diagnosis for Mary and her family was hard to accept as she had felt like this for numerous years and nothing had been done about it. The nursing referral to GP for further screening in the community was put in place which has to include the diagnosed stage of depression which for this patient is mild disorder and the treatment and management needed. Then it is the GP’s responsibility to set up an active review which includes self help, cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise (CSIP 2006) NIMH (2011) suggest cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT ), a type of psychotherapy, or talk therapy, that helps people change negative thinking styles and behaviours that may contribute to their depression, from this as a nurse a recommendation of a day hospice was suggested to Mary, as similar patients from the nurses experience had thoroughly enjoyed there time visiting a hospice weekly. This form of empowerment allows Mary to take greater control over decisions and actions affecting her health facilitating choice, self care and self management. Using Gibbs model of reflection (1988) it was clear to me from a student nurse perspective that Marys psychological needs were not adequately addressed, as it took six years to pick up on this adjustment in her life the healthcare in this case was not acceptable. It was upsetting to observe the patient and her family feel frustrated that nothing was done as continuing health care in stroke is a primary need and stroke survivors are eligible for NHS funding for all the individuals assessed needs ( Department of Health 2009) In order to improve nursing the stroke patient the nursing role should involve preventative care which includes providing adequate information on stroke, risk factors and any lifestyle modifications, followed by curative care which involves accurate assessment’s, planned care that is person centred, physiological monitoring and risk assessment. Finally Rehabilitative/ promotive care which entails the carry on role (therapies), safe discharge planning and excellent communication with family/carers in which most of these steps should involve depression awareness and the importance of it as those people who have a Stroke and become depressed, failure to treat results is a less than optimal rehabilitation outcome (Stroke Recovery Association 2010). In addition to this nursing staff should aim to facilitate psychological adjustment and to support understanding of the emotions associated with recovery as the interaction of psychologists and nurses provides an opportunity to normalise patients’ reactions to post-stroke difficulties also they can exchange evidence-based and patient knowledge with each other (Vohora Ogi 2008). In Mary’s case I found that this aspect of her care was dealt with very well as Mary found it a challenge to accept this change in her life the and nurses spent endless amounts of time and dedication to help Mary come to terms with her disabilities. It may be argued that staff nursing levels were a relating factor to Mary’s poor post stroke care, from working on a stroke unit previously the workload is very heavy and consists of many clinicians with appropriate levels of expertise in medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech- language pathology, social work and clinician nutrition. Additional disciplines may include pharmacy, (neuro) psychology and recreation therapy, however it is within the nurses role to ensure all of these clinicians see there patient. In which some cases this maybe missed therefore implementing higher staffing levels may avoid this and signs of Marys depression could have been picked up amongst all of the reviews. In 2005 Lankshear published a systematic review of international research since 1990 that looked at relationships between nurse staffing and patient outcomes. Across the 22 studies covered the report stated that, †[The results] strongly suggest that higher nurse staffing and richer skill mix (especially of registered nurses) are associated with improved patient outcomes, although the effect size cannot be estimated reliably (Royal College of Nursing 2010). This would also be applied when the patient returned to there own home as people who have had a stroke and their carers value continuity, being kept informed, being included and having a clear, consistent point of contact with all the clinicians and services available.(Department of Health 2007). Another implementation that could be put in place not only for Mary’s psychological needs but also her physical needs is that Stroke specialist professionals could be involved in application and review of eligibility for Continuing Health Care in the community so that complex or hidden post stroke deficits which may be missed by generic staff can be considered. This could be included in the six week, six month and annual stroke reviews, and form part of the joint health and social care plan. (Department of Health, 2009). With this put in place Mary’s fall may have been prevented and her home could have become safer for her earlier putting her family at ease and allowing Mary to become more independent and less reliant on help. If the situation arose again and these changes were implemented then Holistic care, which is essential in nursing skills would be successful taking into consideration the psychological, environmental and spiritual needs of the patient, as well as the physical so that people are treated as whole human beings and the impact of the illness on their quality of life is met.(Nursing Standard, 2011). To conclude the role of the nurse in the management of care delivery for the patient and their family is to share their skills and knowledge with patients and their carers, acting as a key resource and providing a route to other services and professionals ( DOH 2005). As a person centred approach was used on this admission for Mary and her family it was clear that she was discharged more aware of services available to her in the community and the care given was beneficial in her life long rehabilitation process, leaving the Multidisciplinary Team confident they have done all they can for the patients individual needs.