Accounting Theory Basic Sciences & Applied Research

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theoryfor Basic Sciences Applied Research. Answer: Introduction The research paper has critically reviewed and analysed the literature related to positive accounting after its development by Watts and Zimmerman in 1970s. The research paper has suggested some measures that can be undertaken for improving researches in the accounting settings. The research article revolves around the argument whether positive accounting theory is effective in attaining scientific objectives of accounting research. The argument has been analysed from various perspectives in the research article through the help of views and opinions of different authors. The research study attempts to explain the accounting method to be selected for carrying an accounting research for achieving its scientific objectives appropriately. The contribution of positive accounting theory in the field of accounting after its development has been analysed in detail in the report. The importance and deficiencies in positive accounting theory are identified and discussed in the overall researc h article. The main purpose of the research article is to propose some better theoretical models to be used in the field of accounting that can appropriately achieve its scientific objectives (Dunmore, 2009). In this context, the present essay aims to provide a critical analysis of the research article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. The critical analysis of the article is done through summarising its main points, identifying the research question, discussing its theoretical framework, analysing the significance and limitations of the article. Summary of the Article The overall findings generated through the research article has been summarised in this section. It has been analysed through the critical analysis of the research article that positive accounting theory is regarded as one of the most influential theory in the field of accounting research. It has proved to be largely beneficial by the management of complex business organisations in selection of appropriate accounting choices for carrying out their daily business operations. The theory of positive accounting developed by Watts and Zimmerman is contradictory to that of normative accounting theory. The accountants initially use the concept of normative accounting theory before the development of positive accounting theoretical model. Normative accounting theory was mainly developed on the basis of accounting principles and as such is mainly theoretical based (Dunmore, 2009). On the contrary, positive accounting theory is developed on the basis of scientific phenomena and thus was believed to be largely effective for achieving accounting research objectives. The field of accounting is more practical based and has less reliance on theoretical concepts. Thus, positive accounting theory after is development was used largely by the researchers in comparison to normative accounting theory. However, the various deficiencies identified in the positive accounting theory have questioned its reliability on attaining scientific objectives of accounting research (Rhonheimer, 2000). Thus, various criticisms received by the positive accounting research have become the main reason for researchers to adopt better theoretical models. The author in the research article has proposed the use of better and improved theoretical models in comparison to that of positive accounting research for accounting settings. Thus, ontology and epistemology of positive accounting has been a nalysed and examined in detail in the research article (Dunmore, 2009). Research Question The research question as identified from the analysis of the article is What is the contribution of positive accounting theory in the field of accounting research.? In the context of this main research question, the article has also aimed to provide answer to the following sub-research questions: What is meant by the concept of incorporating positive approach in accounting settings? What is the importance and deficiencies of positive accounting theory in accounting settings? Does there is need of adopting better theoretical approaches in the field of accounting for achieving its scientific objectives? The research questions are identified by analysing and examining the literature review of the research article. All the questions are based on the overall discussion held in the literature review section. The literature review analyses the concept of positive accounting research through examining its importance and deficiencies from the views and opinions of different authors. Thus, all these questions have merged from the theoretical framework of the overall literature review of the research article (Dunmore, 2009). Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of the research article is based on the approach of positive accounting used by the researchers for carrying accounting researches. It has been analysed from the views and opinions of different authors discussed in the theoretical framework section that positive accounting theory is not so effective in accounting settings. Watts and Zimmerman have proposed that positive accounting theory is based on scientific phenomena and as such is largely useful for testing accounting predictions. However, there has been various criticism received against the theory as to be more rhetorical than practical based (Dunmore, 2009). The researchers have claimed that positive accounting theory is not so effective in testing practical accounting predictions. The author in the overall literature review section has emphasised that positive accounting theory needs modifications in order to be successful in imitating natural science (Porta and Keating, 2008). The various authors in the theoretical framework of the resrch article have regarded the contribution of the theory in accounting to be negligible and thus it has not attained a legitimate place in accounting. The theory of positive accounting is limited only to study accounting practices but its practical implementation has not been successful (Chatfield and Vangermeersch, 2014). As depicted from the theoretical framework of the research article, positive accounting theory is based on value judgement and thus cannot be stated to be based on scientific based. The theory of positive accounting provides value judgment to the managers for selecting appropriate accounting method for maximising business performance. Thus, it is regarded as more of theoretical based and less practical oriented (Deegan, 2014). The reliability of positive accounting research is also questioned on the basis of appropriateness of natural sciences for studying the concept of social phenomena. Some authors regarded this as appropriate while some are against this argument (Ghnabari et al., 2016). In this context, Popper has stated that all scientific theories have evolved over a period of time through accumulation of either qualitative or quantitative data. The methodology of development of a scientific theory a proposed by popper can be divided into four steps. The first step involves obs erving carefully and developing preliminary ideas. The next step is to develop a theory on the basis of the empirical evidences. The theory developed should be developed on predictions that can be tested and as such should be quantitative predictions. This is followed by testing the predictions of the new theory developed with those of previous theories for accepting or rejecting the particular theory developed. Thus, Popper has claimed that this form the basis of accepting or rejecting a particular theory. Large number of theories is disapproved on the process and only small number of theories proves to be effective in meeting all these requirements (Dunmore, 2009). This clearly states that positive accounting theory needs to be tested on all the above parameters before its acceptance in accounting settings. This approach used by Popper is regarded as falsification criterion on the basis of which theories are regarded a true or false. Popper has regarded positive accounting theory to be not scientifically based as it is not based on quantitative testable predictions. The theoretical framework has also suggested analytical modelling for making a successful positive research program. This involves collection and testing of data before developing a theoretical model (Dunmore, 2009). Positive accounting theory is used by management for selecting an accounting method to be used for maximising a firm performance. As such, it is largely essential that it should be more practical based in comparison to having a rhetorical approach. This can be done by measuring and testing accounting predictions before selecting an accounting method. Thus, positive acco unting theory need to be improved so that it involves testing accounting predictions and provides an appropriate selection of accounting method for the management (Bazrafshan and Talebina, 2016). Significance and Limitations of the Article The research article is highly significant as it helped in developing the deficiencies in positive accounting approach that needs to be improved. It has provided an in-depth understanding about the concept of positive approach in accounting and the need of better theoretical models to be used in accounting. The research article will prove to be largely useful for the future researchers to examine and evaluate the appropriateness of positive accounting theory to be used in accounting settings. It will form a base for the future researchers to find empirical evidences against positive accounting theory and thus selection of more appropriate theoretical model to be used in accounting research. However, there are several limitations of the research article as analysed during its critical analysis. The major limitation of the research article is that its literature is limited and does not provide detailed understanding about the various aspects of positive accounting research (Dunmore, 20 09). The theoretical framework of the research article is wide but is not synchronised in a proper way. It does not give a proper understanding of the main problems in the concept of positive approach in accounting to the readers. Thus, the literature review section of the research article lacks a detailed analysis that would have been useful for the readers to understand the research topic in a proper way. Also, the research study is mainly subjective in nature and does not have any objectivity. This is due to collection and analysis of only secondary data in the research study through the help of literary sources. There is no practical evidence that presents the accounting problems encountered through the use of positive accounting approach (Dunmore, 2009). The research study is s mainly qualitative and does not undertake any type of quantitative analysis for carrying out the research study. The quantitative analysis can be done through collecting primary data for providing practical evidence in relation to the research topic. This will enhance the credibility and reliability of the research study in the mind of future researchers. However, the research work is mainly based on the views and opinions of other authors and thus lacks reliance. This limits the usefulness of the present research work for future researches that will be conducted in this context. The presence of practical evidence for supporting theoretical findings is necessary for maintaining the credibility of the research work. Thus, it will prove to be a major limitation of the research article impacting its significance for the future researches (Dunmore, 2009). Conclusion The author through the research article has proposed the adoption of a combination of various accounting methods for the purpose of accounting research. This is mainly due to several deficiencies in the theory of positive accounting as discussed in the overall research article. The weaknesses of positive accounting theory need to be improved so that it proves to be effective in accounting research for achieving its objectives. The outcomes achieved through positive accounting theory implementation should be more scientifically based as recommended by the author in the research article. The overall critical analyses of the research article have helped in developing an understanding of the concept of positive accounting approach. The contribution and limitations of the theory are analysed for developing an understanding of the positive accounting theory. The critical analysis will help in understanding the difference between scientific and societal theory. This will help in selection o f the most appropriate theory as per the situation given. Also, the critical analysis has also helped in gaining knowledge of various theoretical models that are used in accounting settings. The detailed understanding of positive accounting theory will prove to be largely beneficial in understanding various concepts in accounting field. References Bazrafshan, M. and Talebina, G. 2016. Challenges Positive Accounting Theory. International Journal of Basic Sciences Applied Research 5 (2), pp. 119-122. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R. 2014. The History of Accounting (RLE Accounting): An International Encylopedia. Routledge. Deegan, C. 2014. Financial Accounting Theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dunmore, P.V. 2009. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Ghnabari, M. et al. 2016. PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) and Natural Science. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 10(2), pp. 177-182. Porta, D.D. and Keating, M. 2008. Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective. Cambridge University Press. Rhonheimer, M. 2000. Natural Law and Practical Reason: A Thomist View of Moral Autonomy. Fordham Univ Press.

Report on 3d Bio Printer free essay sample

A 3D Bio-Printer is a device, in which, a Human Organ is scanned, and a 3D dimension of a brand new organ is created and printed using the person’s own cell or stem cells as â€Å"ink. † With just a small amount of cell used from the patient’s body. 1 The 3D bio-printers include a software interface that allows engineers to build a model of the tissue construct before the printer commences the physical constructions of the organs cell-by-cell using the automated, laser-calibrated print heads. The printer is the result of collaboration between Australian engineering firm Invetech, and Organovo, a regenerative medicine company based in San Diego, California. Organovo selected Invetech in May 2009 as its technology development partner and asked the company to design and develop a highly integrated, extremely reliable and simple to use 3D bio-printer system, which could then be transferred to manufacture and commercial sale. Now, just eight months later, Invetech has delivered the first production model 3D bio-printer to Organovo. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on 3d Bio Printer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Invetech plan to ship a number of 3D bio-printers to Organovo during 2010 and 2011 and Organovo will be placing the printers globally with research institutions investigating human tissue repair and organ replacement. 2 Organovo CEO, Keith Murphy, says the bio-printer represents a breakthrough because they provide for the first time a flexible technology platform for organizations working on many different types of tissue construction and organ replacement. 3 The advantage of using a bioprinter is that it eliminates the need for a scaffold, so Dr Atala, too, is experimenting with inkjet technology. Scientists and researchers will have the power to create organs to use as well, simply for testing medical products. Researchers don’t need to use the animals anymore! So, it won’t be long when the time comes that all you have to do is make a phone call or a simple trip to the doctor’s office when you need new organs. The thought of being able to grow organs gives me goosebumps. However, if this technology is controlled and used properly, as I’ve said, the possibilities are endless.

Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay Essay Example

Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay Essay 1.0 Introduction This subdivision of the study introduces the subject of treatment on which the study is based. It so concentrates on FDI in UAE which is the aim of the study. 1.1 What is Foreign Direct Investment? Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) is the investing of foreign assets into the domestic economic system ( About.com ) . It is an investing of financess to get down operations in another state. FDI can be of several types ; amalgamation, acquisitions, entirely and partly owned investing, perpendicular and horizontal integrating. Theoretically, any company will happen three motivations for doing FDI in a state ; market seeking, resource or plus seeking and efficiency seeking motivations. In context of UAE, market seeking and efficiency seeking motivation can be the possible grounds it has attracted immense FDI influx. Making FDI gives the foreign companies an entree to the GCC market and AIDSs competion with cardinal challengers in the market ( market seeking motivation ) . Since the client base of UAE is broad, it locates the companies closer to clients ( efficiency seeking motivation ) ( Rugman et al, 2005 ) . 1.2 Foreign Direct Investment in UAE We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Enviornment Of Fdi In Uae Economics Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer UAE has been ranked as the 11th planetary FDI finish on the A.T. Kearney Confidence Index of 2010 harmonizing to a study by AMEinfo ( AMEinfo, 2010 ) . Another study confirms that this rank is for 3 old ages period and UAE has been ranked top in the Middle East ( Department of Economic Development, 2010 ) . The net FDI in UAE was $ 4002.7 million in 2009 reported by UNCTAD. In 2006, it was ranked amongst the top 6 states in the Western Asia with regard to FDI inflows into the state as shown in the graph below. Beginning: ( UNCTAD, 2007 ) It was besides the 5th largest in footings of FDI outflow which was reported to be between $ 2000-3000 million in 2006 ( UNCTAD, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to the World Investment Report by the same organisation, UAE has been categorized on performance/potential matrix as a high forepart smuggler performing artist with a high FDI potency in the hereafter. 2.0 INDICATORS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FDI IN UAE In this subdivision of the study, growing of the FDI in UAE for the past few old ages will be looked at. Additionally, the way and the grounds of this growing will be studied briefly. 2.1 Growth and FDI cyberspace flow way UAE has experienced a immense growing in addition in FDI inward investing over a period of clip. However one must retrieve that there are non merely FDI inflows that need to be taken into history but besides the FDI outflows to calculate the Net FDI figure. Therefore the tabular array below shows net FDI flows into the UAE economic system from 1990 to 2009. A negative figure represents net FDI escape Beginning: ( UNCTADStat, 2009 ) [ Data in the tabular array has been used for doing graph ] As can be read from the line graph, that the net influx of GDP has been stable from 1990 to 1998 onwards after which there are 2 periods in which net FDI escape has been reported From 2000 onwards, there is once more a rise in the FDI influxs until 2007, nevertheless the largest addition experience between 2002 to 2005. 2008 and 2009 has been a decline period. A study declares that UAE has moved from 90th place worldwide in 1993-1995 to 15th place in footings of pulling FDI in 2003-2005 ( MENAFN.com, 2007 ) . This analysis has besides been presented in saloon chart below stand foring the per centum increase/ ( lessening ) in Net FDI influx for 5 old ages interval from 1990 to 2009 onwards. The 2009 diminution in FDI investings can possibly be attributed to the planetary economic recession which caused a crisp diminution in FDI s all over the universe. 2.2 Reasons for growing: It is indispensable to place what has been the cause of growing in FDI in UAE since 2000. The chances for profitableness in UAE are really high due to no limitations on trade. Second, UAE if a celebrated vacation topographic point and a tourer finish, pulling big figure of visitants on season like Eid, Diwali, Dubai Shopping Festival, Christmas, GITEX, Film Festival etc. This provides multinationals and other companies with entree to a wider client base from different states. There is a high net income potency in existent estate sector in UAE ( UKEssays.com, 2007 ) . Of all the Emirates, Dubai has been really successful in pulling foreign investings and is the FDI finish of pick of many investors both within and outside the Middle East ( Al Bawaba, 2010 ) . This is because Dubai and in general other Emirates are perceived as a liberalized hot spot unlike the other GCC states. It is the Centre of planetary concern with a globalized environment. About 80 % of the population in Dubai is exiles who are paid high compared to rest of the universe and the salary offered to them is revenue enhancement free go forthing them with higher disposable income and hence inducements to remain back in the UAE. About all Fortune 500 companies are situated in the free zones of UAE which reflects the importance of UAE to the transnational corporations ( Fredder, n.d ) . Harmonizing to an article, Shaikh Lubna said that the entire value of FDI s made via UAE free zone has touched US $ 73 billion. She besides believes that free zones in the UAE play a critical function in advancing international trade and re-exporting activities which has made UAE top commercial Centre and gives investors market and efficiency motivations therefore beef uping the chances of UAE ( BI-ME, 2010 ) . Furthermore, the well composed substructure of UAE contributes towards attractive force of investing which companies see as an of import factor when sing a state for doing investing in foreign states. The cyb erspace and IT package solutions industry has doubled the rate of Europe which points out the gait of the growing ( UKEssays.com, 2007 ) . A study points out that a lector at Dubai School of Government said that the key to pulling more FDI in the hereafter will be effectual communicating and transparence in the fiscal sector as both these factors have been damaging to the economic system but now hold cardinal importance in supplying liquidness, therefore assurance and hence pulling FDI ( AMEinfo, 2010 ) . Other grounds fall under the regulative policies that encourage investing in the state and will be discussed in the following subdivision of the study. 2.3 Sectors of the economic system in which FDI is made Not much has been disclosed about which sectors of the economic system have received FDI. However, a study by Trade Arabia informed that of the entire FDI undertakings secured by the UAE, 95 % have been in the fabrication sector. After the economic recession, fabricating sectors in states like USA and Europe has been hit difficult although investings have been made in the UAE to pull investings in this sector once more to derive investor s assurance ( TradeArabia News Service, 2010 ) ( Kawach, 2010 ) . It is besides reported that FDI in the Gulf states is taking topographic point at intra regional degree particularly in the service sector taking signifier of cross boundary line amalgamations and acquisitions ( MENAFN.com, 2007 ) . On the footing of cognition of the state, existent estate sector has been the primary ground pulling FDI. Furthermore, important receiver industries include telecommunication and touristry excessively ( MENAFN.com, 2007 ) . Based on the small informations available on the part by sectors, fabrication followed by services and building sectors are the 1s that have been able to pull maximal FDI into the state because the GDP growing part by these factors have been the upper limit ( Dayan, 2010 ) ( AMEinfo, 2010 ) . 3.0 ASSESSING THE FDI ENVIRONMENT In order to measure the FDI Environment in UAE, the authorities policies and the economic environment in general will be studied followed by a treatment on the hereafter FDI chances supported by facts and figures from the secondary resources. 3.1 Regulative environment: UAE economic system as we all are cognizant has a free trade policy. It has a business-friendly authorities particularly Dubai and Abu Dhabi and policies allow full repatriation of the net income without bear downing corporate revenue enhancement to the proprietors or income earners for the state. Furthermore, buying of freehold belongingss which provide freedom to foreign investors to lease out the belongingss has besides attracted inward investings into the state ( Fredder, n.d ) . Presently, UAE intends to implement more moderate investing Torahs which are expected to help recoveries in the existent estate sector of the economic system following the slack experienced in 2009 due to recession. The new corporate jurisprudence is expected to be with respects to ownership limitations which will spur investing and offer stableness to the economic system ( Kawach, 2010 ) . Increased liberalisation with regard to denationalization and ownership limitations is being considered in several Emirates. In order to drive FDI, Government of Dubai has late signed an understanding with AT Kearney which will help the Dubai Foreign Investment Office ( FIO ) in inventing policies and the strategic policies to force the growing and assist Dubai keep its image as FDI hub. All facets of FDI will be considered in this respect ( BI-ME, 2009 ) . Therefore, the overall regulative model and authorities policies support investing and supply inducement to pull companies. The development of free zones has besides contributed to the aim. Each Emirate of the state employs its ain policy in coaction with the section developed by each province for looking into foreign investing affairs. 3.2 What is likely to go on in the hereafter? With JAFZA and other economic free trade zones of the state being committed to pull investing, likeliness of addition in Net FDI inward investings in the hereafter is high. Barclays Wealth in AMEInfo reported that the influx of FDI into the UAE is likely to be $ 108bn which is twice the figure in 2007. One must maintain in head that this analysis is based of semi functionary informations since UAE does nt unwrap FDI figures officially ( AMEinfo, 2008 ) . Besides, ranking by A.T. Kearney as 11th best planetary FDI finish along with steps by provinces to spur investing or retrieve from the downswing indicates that the FDI investing into the UAE economic system is likely to increase over at least a three twelvemonth period for which the ranking has been done nevertheless the growing can non be measured. 4.0 FOREIGN COMPANY INVESTING IN UAE This subdivision of the study will analyze a Pakistani company Hemani puting in UAE. It will research several facets of concern alterations that Hemani faced since its investing here. The benefits and costs and other issues faced by the company have been identified via treatment with Mr Ali, who is the partial proprietor of the company. All of the above have been briefly discussed below. 4.1 Introduction: Hemani Trading has been runing in Pakistan since 1949 in natural, agricultural and wellness merchandises. Its cardinal merchandises are herbal tea, green tea, herbal oils and herbal cosmetics. The company decided to do an investing in UAE, Dubai in 1995. 4.2 Reason for taking UAE for investing: Owner s pick of state for investing was UAE because it is a free trade country with a batch of international range. It is a planetary hub for trading connecting Gulf, Africa, Europe, Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia etc. 4.3 UAE as pick of foreign state aided company s growing The company gained immense portion in the markets of North Africa, Middle East, South East Asia and Europe.Currently the company has appointed agents in over 18 states that includes, Singapore, Malaysia, France, Belgium, USA, Canada, Morocco, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Libya, Algeria, Bahrain, Yemen, Oman, Saudi Arabia, etc and has established their ain distribution system for UAE ( providing to major retail mercantile establishments ) . Company has seen a changeless addition of 15-20 % of one-year turnover since their constitution in Dubai. 4.4 Change in authorities policies since gap of the company in UAE This subdivision is quoted as mentioned by Mr Ali. Initially the trading was really easy and bucked up people to work in this part. Over the last few old ages the regulations and ordinances have been tough for little constitutions to run. The state of affairs is really much like Singapore where ab initio it was same as Dubai and people would wing at that place to purchase trade goods of different beginnings. As the clip goes by, the policies in Dubai will merely prefer the multi subjects and do it hard for little concerns to run. The addition cost of operating, like rent, responsibility, other usage charges, labour etc have made it cheaper for clients to purchase goods straight from the beginning ( e.g. China, Pakistan, India etc ) . 4.4 Evaluation: Advantages and Disadvantage faced 4.5.1 Advantages of being here in UAE International market good within range and easy motion of goods with in the Gulf are the major advantages of operating in UAE. Safe and unafraid operations, trade of goods from all around the universe and international experience of selling and gross revenues gained by the company are advantages it got exposed to. 4.5.2 Disadvantages Constitution in UAE meant that company had to give clip and resources here, therefore the place state operations suffered despite holding growing potency. Later on the constitution of mill meant a immense duty on the Pakistan office. Constantly the senior direction has to go back every month to guarantee smooth running of the mill. Besides, remaining in UAE since 1995 has given proprietors no large advantage of remaining as occupants. Developed states of Europe and West offer the citizenship benefits if such investing has been made and if such long period has been spent in their states conveying them concern. 4.5.3 Overall rating Markets of Europe, America, and Africa would non hold been reached good if the company had stayed in Pakistan. It is a topographic point where non many of international clients come to buy goods. Even though the local market of Pakistan is immense with a batch of possible, front client base had to be sacrificed to make international markets. Overall constitution in UAE helped the company grow and make new highs. Although the recent policies of labour, in-migration, usage, port are doing trade hard but since company has entered monopolized point ( manufactured merchandises ) , Mr Ali feels that they would be small affected by the Torahs and hopes that the growing of company continues. 5.0 Decision The environment for FDI in UAE is positive and has been pulling financess in the state from all over the universe. FDI has been a major cause of the GDP growing and creative activity of its image as a globalized economic system. The state gives entree to states to the trading universe therefore broadening their client base economically due to absence of trade barriers in the state. Creation of free trade zones is the major attractive force to corporate investors and multinationals from all over the universe. Most FDI have taken signifier of forward perpendicular or horizontal integrating. However, over a period of clip, although the policies have been modified to liberalise the trading environment and attractive force of FDI, the authorities has failed to take notice of the increasing costs of operations bared by the companies. Therefore, endurance of little sized concerns in the state can be put to inquiry in the hereafter. Nevertheless, in general the economic environment of the st ate seems to be in favor of investors and the potency of UAE as FDI drawing card is strong and that the state will go on to harvest benefits from FDI s in signifier of increased employment, competition, and high profile life styles enjoyed by its occupants.

Quiénes pueden brindar asesoría migratoria en USA

Quià ©nes pueden brindar asesorà ­a migratoria en USA Para todos los migrantes en Estados Unidos hay una necesidad evidente de contar con buena  asesorà ­a migratoria. Pero una cosa es informacià ³n en general, como la que se brinda en esta pgina y otra muy distinta asesorà ­a para el caso concreto de cada uno.  ¿Quià ©n puede brindarla? Y es que hay que tener claro que un mal consejo legal puede ocasionar muchos problemas  de cabeza. Incluso algunos que luego no se pueden solucionar. Es por esta razà ³n que es muy conveniente contar con la asesorà ­a de una persona honesta, trabajadora y que sepa de quà © habla. Es fundamental entender la diferencia entre quià ©nes son los abogados, los representantes acreditados, los consultores y los notarios y saber quà © puede legalmente hacer cada uno de ellos en asuntos migratorios. Abogados migratorios para asesorar en asuntos migratorios Los abogados obviamente pueden dar consejo legal y tambià ©n representar los inmigrantes en las Cortes de Inmigracià ³n.   El paso natural cuando se necesita consejo legal es contratar a un letrado. Para  elegir abogado  es fundamental contar con referencias positivas de clientes actuales o antiguos. Sin embargo, son relativamente frecuentes los casos de malaprctica y negligencia. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que los servicios de los  abogados en Estados Unidos puede resultar  muy caros. No siendo raro que cobren hasta $400 por hora y que carguen a mayores por servicios como fotocopias o llamadas telefà ³nicas, con lo que la factura final puede ser considerable. Muchas veces se puede ahorrar hablando previamente con el abogado y presentando todos los documentos ordenados y traducidos. Asà ­ se evitarn gastos en los que puede incurrir el despacho de abogados por tener que buscar ellos mismos documentos o de traducirlos al inglà ©s. Por à ºltimo, en el caso de encontrarse con un abogado cuya actuacià ³n ha podido no ser profesional se puede presentar una queja ante la  American Immigration Lawyers Association. En el caso de estar fuera de los Estados Unidos, es importante buscar abogados que de verdad entiendan las leyes migratorias de ese paà ­s y desconfiar de aquellos que aseguran conocer a alguien en el consulado que arregla papeles a cambio de dinero. Eso no es asà ­. En los Estados Unidos, tambià ©n es posible buscar opciones ms asequibles de asistencia legal como es el caso de los representantes acreditados, conocidos en inglà ©s como  accredited representatives. Quines son los representantes acreditados para asuntos migratorios Son las personas que estn autorizadas para actuar en nombre del inmigrante ante del Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y sus diversas instituciones, como el  USCIS o la CBP. Esto es lo que se conoce como representacià ³n parcial. Pero adems, pueden estar autorizadas para representar a su cliente ante las cortes de inmigracià ³n. El Board of Immigration Appeals es el à ºnico organismo autorizado a conceder estas  acreditaciones  y lo hace a personas que: Sean postuladas para tal posicià ³n por una organizacià ³n reconocida.Posean buen carcter moral.Y tengan conocimientos y experiencia sobre las leyes y los procedimientos migratorios y de naturalizacià ³n para la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a americana. El Board concede la acreditacià ³n por un periodo de  tres aà ±os renovables. Por lo que para confirmar que todo est bien con la persona que se desea elegir para que actà ºe como representante se puede checar su estatus con el Programa de Reconocimiento de Acreditaciones llamando al (703) 305 9029. Otras personas autorizadas para asesorar legalmente Adems, estn autorizados para esas labores las organizaciones reconocidas como tales y los proveedores de asistencia legal gratuita. Asimismo, pueden representar a los inmigrantes otros representantes cualificados como estudiantes o licenciados en Derecho que todavà ­a no han aprobado el examen de ingreso al Bar pero que trabajan bajo la supervisià ³n de un abogado. Tambià ©n pueden hacerlo los oficiales del gobierno, como por ejemplo los agentes consulares y las personas como sacerdotes, vecinos, familiares del inmigrante y que sean de buen carcter moral y que no cobren ni directa ni indirectamente por estos servicios. Sin embargo, los que no estn autorizados a ejercer esa representacià ³n son los notarios o los consultores de inmigracià ³n. Que NO pueden hacer los consultores de inmigracin y los notarios Ni los consultores ni los notarios pueden, entre otras cosas: Representar a los inmigrantes ante el USCIS o ante una corte federal de inmigracià ³n.Brindar asistencia legal sobre a quà © beneficios migratorios se puede aplicar.Aconsejar sobre quà © decir en una entrevista con las autoridades migratorias.Ni tampoco pueden cobrar cantidades altas por sus servicios. Por lo tanto, si crees que has sido và ­ctima de un fraude migratorio, asà ­ se reporta. Qu servicios pueden prestar los consultores y los notarios Dependiendo de sus conocimientos, los consultores pueden ayudar a los inmigrantes rellenar los formularios del USCIS como por ejemplo los de peticià ³n de un familiar, permiso de trabajo, etc. Tambià ©n pueden  traducir los documentos que deben presentarse junto con las formas. Fraude y representacin por s mismo Es importante evitar fraudes y, si se es và ­ctima de uno, consultar cà ³mo es posible denunciar el caso.   Por à ºltimo, saber que en los casos ante corte migratoria el gobierno no est obligado a proporcionar abogado en los casos en los que el migrante no puede pagarla. Es posible la auto representacià ³n, pero las estadà ­sticas demuestran que los casos con ms à ©xito cuentan con la presencia de un abogado. De inters: informacin para legalizacin El fin de muchos migrantes es obtener papeles. Para ello es importante conocer cules  son  7 situaciones migratorias que se puede tener en Estados Unidos  y tambià ©n cules son en la actualidad los caminos limitados que los indocumentados tienen para regularizar su situacià ³n. Si se cree que se puede tener una opcià ³n, asesorarse con un abogado o un representante acreditado. Este artà ­culo no es consejo legal para ningà ºn caso particular. Tiene carcter meramente informativo.

Deal Gases Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deal Gases - Coursework Example There are different gas laws that exist and are summarized by the equation of state (Meyer, 2011). These gas laws include Boyle’s law, Charles law, Gay – Lussac’s law and other gas law. The Boyle’s law was derived, finalized and published in 1662. The law states that when gas is at constant temperature, the product obtained from the volume, and the pressure of a certain mass of gas that is confined in a closed system is always a constant. The pressure gauge can be used to verify this statement together with a variable container capacity. The law can also be derived from the kinetic theory of ideal gases. For instance, if a gas container has a fixed number of molecules in it and its volume is reduced more molecules will collide per unit time per given area. This aspect results in a higher pressure in the container (Wang, 2013). 2. Select the light species of the box on the right-hand corner. You can notice that the pump turns red. At that time, the pump is given a press. Again, wait for the values to stabilize and observe the results. When the pump is pressed it some while to come to the stable state. When the pump gives a substantial push the volume of the gas reduced. For this experiment volume in an independent variable, since it does depend on the other parameter to change. The pressure is the dependent variable as it depends on the volume change for it to vary. The graph was plotted for the values of the pressure, and the volume showed that the pressure of the gas varies inversely proportionally to the volume of the gas. The relationship between the pressure and the volume of gas under constant temperature is summarized by the Boyles Law. This law states the under constant conditions of temperature, gas will have its pressure vary inversely proportional to the volume. Charles’ Law is also referred to as the law of

Coca-Cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Coca-Cola - Essay Example Despite the popularity of the world brand, Coca-Cola has also faced much criticism Coca-Colarent groups, mostly concerning health effects issues, environmental problems and numerous business practices. Thus, in 2014 a brominated vegetable oil was found in Cocal Cola fruit and sports drinks, particularly in Fanta and Powerade. The Mayo clinic researchers reported that excessive use of BVO can impact negatively on the health, causing memory loss and skin and nerve problems. However, the company management stated that the level of BVO used in its drinks did not exceed the limits and was not harmful to the consumers. Along with it, public pressure and online petition to remove the BVO from the company’s drink was growing. Another issue that the company faced with concerned a new program that Coca Cola aimed bring to certain parks in UK as free fitness classes. It was challenged by the health campaigners. The controversy with the new plans to give twenty millions anti- obesity fitn ess drive obtained certain criticism, because the campaigners accused the Coca Cola in the indecent attempt to distract people from the fact that Coca Cola was fuelling UK with obesity problems.The report by Public Health England claimed that soft drinks and fruit juices produced by the Coca Cola provided the biggest amount of sugar for its consumers and some cardiologists stated that the company was trying to distract attention from its part in creating the obesity situation in the country.

Extended Time Out in Operation Rooms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Extended Time Out in Operation Rooms - Essay Example However, despite those ongoing protocols, the effectiveness of those safety strategies is still unknown. Wrong site surgery can cause extremely bad outcomes, which may range from performing surgery on the wrong side of the body and delayed the necessary treatments to amputating the wrong leg then the patient is suffering both physically and psychologically. In order to improve better outcomes and prevent those preventable surgical mistakes, an extended surgical timeout (STO), also called second time out was implanted into the health care system. This dissertation discusses the effectiveness of the extended STO out based on evidence from research and case studies, and it also explores the interventions used to reduce risks of wrong site surgery. This dissertation also analyzes patient who is allergic to epinephrine and how extended surgical time out improved their quality of care. The article, â€Å"The extended surgical time-out: does it improve quality and prevent wrong-site surgery?† focuses on pediatric surgery and review the results of the implementation of an extended surgical time out. The members of Harbor-UCLA Medical Centre implemented extended surgical time out beginning January 2006. The protocol included confirming a patient’s ID, anesthetic, and technical details, medications administered and the available ones and the need for special equipment and blood products (Lee, 2010). The impacts of implementing surgical timeout were then studied before induction of anesthesia and surveys of both before and after implementing the pre-induction STO were recorded. The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences in elapsed time to incision for both urgent and elective operations and after implementing pre-induction surgical timeout (Lee, 2010).